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句子成分和類型

句子成分和類型 | 樓主 | 2017-07-12 07:29:23 共有3個(gè)回復(fù)
  1. 1句子成分和類型
  2. 2句子成分和類型
  3. 3簡(jiǎn)單句的6種類型和句子成分的分析

二謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),副詞介詞短語(yǔ)名詞詞組動(dòng)詞不定式分詞短語(yǔ),簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)的句子,英語(yǔ)句子成分一句子成分的定義構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分和類型2017-07-12 07:29:11 | #1樓回目錄

I.句子成分

一.主語(yǔ):是句子要說明的人或物,是句子的主體,一般放在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式

和主語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)成分。

e.g.Experienceisthebestteacher.

Heknowsagreatdeal.

Threefromfiveleavestwo.

Growingflowersismyhobby.

Togetonthatcrowdedbusisverydifficult.

Whathedidwasright.

注意幾點(diǎn):

1.the+adj.也可以構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。

e.g.Theoldshouldbetakengoodcareof.

Thenewreplacestheold.

2.動(dòng)名詞或是動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)。

e.g.Itisverydifficulttogetonthatcrowdedbus.

Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

3.介詞短語(yǔ)不能做主語(yǔ)。

e.g.Bybusismyfavoritemeansoftransportation.(wrong)

Butwecansay:Underthetableliesacat.

Onthewallhangtwopictures.

二.謂語(yǔ):說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后,有一定的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)

態(tài)。

e.g.Thecrowdcheered.

Sheisastudent.

Ihavealreadyreadit.

Youneednotgoinperson.

Wetookpartinaneveninglastnight.

Mybikewasstolenyesterday.

**注意主謂一致。

三.賓語(yǔ):動(dòng)作所涉及的人或物。有動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)之分。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和賓

語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分。

e.g.Theydoexerciseeveryday.

Theyoftenhelpus.

----Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?----Ihavethree.

Wealllikeswimming.

Theywantedtogohome.

Idon’tknowwhenhewillbeback.

WangHualentmeanoveltoreadonthebus.

注意:動(dòng)詞不定式只能做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),不做介詞賓語(yǔ)。

e.g.Iwanttoswim.

Iamfondofswimming.

Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.

四.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):跟在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、

動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等都可以作賓補(bǔ)。

Judge:1.Heworkedverywell.

2.Hewelcomeduswarmly.

e.g.WeconsiderTomanhonestboy.

Thegoodnewsmadeushappyandgay.

Wesupposedhimupstairs.

Weconsiderheraboveothers.

WebelieveTomtobeafineplayer.

Wemusthavethehouserebuilt.

Don’tleavehimwaitingoutside.

五.表語(yǔ):在系動(dòng)詞后面用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、狀態(tài)或特征的成分。名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞

不定式、動(dòng)名詞和表語(yǔ)從句都可作表語(yǔ)。

系動(dòng)詞:be;get;become;grow;taste;sound;smell;feel;stay;look;seem;turnetc.

1

e.g.Mr.Brownisanengineer.

It’sme.

Hisexplanationsoundsquitereasonable.

He’supstairs.

Heisintheroom.

Mytaskistopaintthehousetoday.

Theimportantthingisknowingwhattodo.

Mymothergotexcitedatthenews.

Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairtheradio.

六.定語(yǔ):用來修飾和限定名詞或代詞的成分。形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、

分詞、定語(yǔ)從句都可以用作定語(yǔ)。

e.g.Abrightfutureshinesbeforeoureyes.

abookstore;mybooks;threebooks

Thebookherebelongstome.

ThestudentsofClaSixarehavinganEnglishlesson.

Ihavealotofworktodo.

Thegirlplayingtheviolinismysister.

Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.

IliketheplacewhereIwasborn.

七.狀語(yǔ):用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的成分。副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞詞組、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)

和狀語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。

e.g.Chinaisextremelyrichinnaturalresources.

Theboyshaveleftthehousebythebackdoor.

Wehavealreadywalked30miles.

Hewillleavethedayaftertomorrow.

Tomasteraforeignlanguage,youmuststudyithard.

Albertisinthebedroomreadingabook.

Troubledbytheproblem,sheaskedherteacherforhelp.

IwaswatchingTVwhenhecamein.

Asitwasfine,wewentouting.

八.同位語(yǔ):有主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)之分,用來補(bǔ)充說明或解釋主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成分。名詞詞組和同位語(yǔ)從

句可充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)。

e.g.Weloveourcountry,thegreatPeople’sRepublicofChina.

Thequestionwhetherhewaswrongtroubledusalot.

Thewholenationwassorryforthenewsthattheirpresidenthadpassedaway.

Practice:分析句子成分

1.Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyouleaveyourroom.

2.Theyaresittingcloseagainstthewallandhavingarest.

3.Tomisoneofmyclosefriendwhoarealwaysreadytohelpme.

4.IforgottorepairmywatchbecauseIwasinahurrytogohome.

5.ThemilkproducedinTibettastesgood.

6.Itissillytotalklikethat.

7.Theriverrosetenfeetintheevening.

8.WecalledTomourwalkingdictionary.

9.YouhadbetteranswerthequestioninEnglish.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Shegavehimapieceofpapertowriteon.Thepeopleallovertheworldarehopingforpeace.Thelittlegirlcandreherselfnow.Itwasapitythatyoudidn'twatchthewonderfulfootballmatch.Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthevictimsindifficulty.2

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

Iprefermycoffeehot.Ipreferhotcoffee.Youmayaskthewomansittingatthetable.Whereveryougo,youcannotsucceedperseverance.Dareyourefusetogo?Don’tworryaboutme.Takecareofyourself.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Hearingthegoodnewsthatourteamhadwonthegame,wejumpedwithjoy.SheexpressedthehopethatshewouldvisitChinaagainwhenwesawheroff.TheboynexttoMaryusuallywalkstoschoolexceptwhenitrains.Ialwayshelpwhoeverisinneedofhelp.ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.

II.句法

什么是句子?

KEY:含有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)成分并表達(dá)明確意思的語(yǔ)言單位稱為句子。

e.g.Heworkshard.

Heisjumping.

Hehasbeenexamined.

句子的三種類型:

1.簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentence):只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)的句子。

e.g.WelearnEnglish.

RobertandJimoftenstudyandplaytogether.

英語(yǔ)句子雖然變化多端,但都離不開以下六種基本句型:

(1)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))

e.g.Johnstudiesverywell.

Thetaperecorderdoesn'tworkatall.

(2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))

e.g.MiJonesisasecretary.

Hewasverysurprisedatthenews.

(3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))

e.g.Yesterdayonlyafewpeopleattendedthemeeting.

Hedidn’tthinkthatthecarwasexpressive.

(4)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))

e.g.IwroteTomaletteryesterday.

Motherwillbuymeadreformybirthday.

(5)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))

e.g.Thejudgeprovedherinnocent.

Weconsidertheproposalimpractical.

(6)There+be+主語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))

e.g.Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.

Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.

2.并列句(CompoundSentence):由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。通常有并列連詞或分號(hào)把這些句子連起來。

e.g.Themanboughtacarbuthiswifedidn’tknowaboutit.

Gohome,oryourmotherwillbeworried.

Igotuplatethismorning,soIwaslatefortheclass.

3.主從復(fù)合句(ComplexSentence):有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句是句子的主體,從

句只是句子的一個(gè)成分。通常用從屬連詞把主句和從句連接起來。

e.g.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.

Hecametoknowthatknowledgeispower.

Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.

ThisisthenewbookIboughtlastweek.

Foodforthought?

1.Thesurgeonrepairedtheorganofthesickperson,laterhebegantorecover.

2.Turnleft,youwillfindthebank.

3.Therearemanyworkershere,mostofthemarewomen.

4.Workinghardandyouwilldoitwell.

5.Thoughhewasrich,buthedoesnotfeelhappy.

Translation:(并分析句子成分)

1.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)于1914年爆發(fā)。

2.他被選為我們班的班長(zhǎng),因?yàn)樗麨榇蠹宜矏邸?/p>

3.那個(gè)生氣的老師叫粗心的學(xué)生把生詞抄寫50遍。

4.我們都知道一個(gè)單元通常由四個(gè)部分組成。

5.一進(jìn)飯店,他就給自己叫了一杯咖啡。

6.他說的話似乎是對(duì)的。

7.聽到好消息,所有在場(chǎng)的人都?xì)g呼了起來。

8.每天,媽媽都看著女兒過馬路。

9.去年我的生日,我父母給我買了一臺(tái)電腦來鼓勵(lì)我好好學(xué)習(xí)。

10.我們要做的第一件事是要相互了解。

句子成分和類型2017-07-12 07:28:55 | #2樓回目錄

英語(yǔ)句子成分2016-9-14(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。

(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:

Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)

One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)

Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)

Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)

Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)

WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)

Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)

(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:

1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.

(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:

OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)

Isityours?(代詞)

Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)

Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)

Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)

HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)

Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)

Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)

Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)

(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:

Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)

Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)

Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))

Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語(yǔ)從句)

賓語(yǔ)種類:(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:

HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)

Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)

Letthefreshairin.(副詞)

Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)

(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:

Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)

Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)

Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名詞)

HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)

HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))

(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示:

Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)

Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語(yǔ))

Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語(yǔ))

Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語(yǔ))

Waitaminute.(名詞)

Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)

狀語(yǔ)種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語(yǔ))

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語(yǔ))

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語(yǔ))

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語(yǔ))

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語(yǔ))

Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語(yǔ))

練習(xí)一

1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.

2.Seeingisbelieving

3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch

4.Shebecameadoctorin1998

5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine

6.Suddenlyitbegantorain

7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday

8.Ialwaysfindherhappy

9.HewondersifIstillstudyEnglish

10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine

二、選擇填空:

()1.____willleaveforBeijing.

A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow

C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow

()2.Theweather____.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold

()3.Theappletasted____.

A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet

()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.

A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter

()5.Theactor______attheageof70.

http://m.vb2themax.com aded

()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.

A.We, http://m.vb2themax.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we

()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.

A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly

()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.

A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis

()9.Thedog____mad.

A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked

()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.

A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where

練習(xí)一:

1They(主語(yǔ))areworking(系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語(yǔ))onthefarm(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))now(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)).

2.Seeing(動(dòng)詞ing做主語(yǔ))is(謂語(yǔ))believing(賓語(yǔ))

3.Allofus(主語(yǔ))like(謂語(yǔ))KobeBryant(賓語(yǔ))verymuch(程度副詞狀語(yǔ))

4.She(主語(yǔ))became(謂語(yǔ))adoctor(賓語(yǔ))in1998(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

5.Thebook(主語(yǔ))lyingonthefloor(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))are(謂語(yǔ))mine(賓語(yǔ))

6.Suddenly(狀語(yǔ))it(形式主語(yǔ))begantorain(謂語(yǔ))

7.Tocatchthetrain,(目的狀語(yǔ))I(主語(yǔ))gotup(謂語(yǔ))earlyyesterday(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

8.I(主語(yǔ))alwaysfind(謂語(yǔ))her(賓語(yǔ))happy(狀語(yǔ))

9.He(主語(yǔ))wonders(謂語(yǔ))ifI(條件句中的主語(yǔ))stillstudy(條件句中的謂語(yǔ))English(條件句中的賓語(yǔ))整個(gè)條件句做主干的賓語(yǔ)

10.Theletter(主語(yǔ))whichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterday(定語(yǔ)從句)was(謂語(yǔ))afriendofmine(賓語(yǔ))

二、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB

英語(yǔ)句子類型---TypesofEnglishSentences(結(jié)合步步高264)

I、句子種類(按交際用途分)

陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、Therebe/stand/lie/live存在句

1)陳述句(DeclarativeSentences):說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。

Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(說明事實(shí))Thefilmisratherboring.(說明看法)

2)疑問句(InterrogativeSentences):提出問題。有以下四種:

a.一般疑問句(GeneralQuestions):Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎?b.特殊疑問句(WQuestions;HQuestions):Wheredoyoulive?Howdoyouknowthat?c.選擇疑問句(AlternativeQuestions):Doyouwantteaorcoffee?

d.反意疑問句(Tag-Questions):Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?

3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出請(qǐng)求,建議或發(fā)出命令

Sitdown,please.請(qǐng)坐。Don'tbenervous!別緊張!

4)感嘆句(ExclamatorySentences):表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒

Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!

II、句子類型(按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分)

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句

1、簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),個(gè)個(gè)成分都是單詞或短語(yǔ)的句子。

AllroadsleadtoRome.Isheasuperman?

Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.

2、并列句包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等來連接。

Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.

Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.

3、復(fù)合句復(fù)合句的某個(gè)成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等,由另一個(gè)句子承當(dāng),即主語(yǔ)從句:Whathewantedtoknowishowtomakegooduseofthelimitedtime.

賓語(yǔ)從句:Herequestedthatsheshouldbedismissed(解雇)

表語(yǔ)從句:Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.

同位語(yǔ)從句:ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.

定語(yǔ)從句:Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.狀語(yǔ)從句:由以下詞引導(dǎo)。

1)時(shí)間(after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,

whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when);

2)地點(diǎn)(where,wherever);

3)方式(as,asif,asthough);

4)程度(as…as,morethan,so…that,such…that);

5)原因(because,since,as,nowthat,that);

6)結(jié)果(,sothat,so…that,such…that);

7)目的(sothat,inorderthat,incase);

8)條件(if,unless);

9)讓步(though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,nomatterhow,whether)。

4并列復(fù)合句,即:并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。

e.gEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.

簡(jiǎn)單句的6種類型和句子成分的分析2017-07-12 07:27:43 | #3樓回目錄

英語(yǔ)三大基本句型

句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和主從句。

一、簡(jiǎn)單句

簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子。WealllearnEnglish.(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))

Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7:00inthemorning.(一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))

Heoncelivedandworkedthere.(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ))

1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

這種句型簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語(yǔ)一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞,例:Thingschange.事物是變化的。Nobodywent.沒有人去。--Didyougobysea?你們走的是海路嗎?--NO,weflew.不,我們是飛去。

2.主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)

這種句型稱為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其實(shí)連系動(dòng)詞在形式上也是一種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但實(shí)質(zhì)上表語(yǔ)成了謂語(yǔ),例:

Mr.Turnerisanartist.特納先生是位畫家。

Themilkturnedsour.牛奶變酸了。

Shebecamealawyer.她當(dāng)了律師。

3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

這種句型可稱為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),它的謂語(yǔ)一般多是及物動(dòng)詞,例:Weneverbeatchildren.我們從來不打孩子。

Mysisterwillfixeverything.我姐姐會(huì)料理一切。

4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)

這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ),例:

Hegavethebooktohissister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。I'llwriteyoualongletter.我將寫給你一封長(zhǎng)信。

5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)

1

這種句型可簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),與賓語(yǔ)一起即構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),例:

Ifoundthebookeasy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。(形容詞easy作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))I'lllethimgo.我將讓他去。(不定式go用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))

注意:有時(shí)兩個(gè)或更多的并列主語(yǔ)擁有一個(gè)共同的謂語(yǔ),甚至并列有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ),這樣的句子仍然是簡(jiǎn)單句,例:

ChinaandothercountriesintheeastAsiaaredevelopingrapidly.中國(guó)和東亞其它國(guó)家正在迅速地發(fā)展。(Chinaandothercountries并列主語(yǔ))

Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。

6.Therebe+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(表示時(shí)間或則地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ))

這種句型是一種常見的特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu),它表示存在。

Thereis(not)atwinbedintheroom.房間里有(沒有)一張雙人床。

Thereare(not)alotoftouristswaitingfortheirturns.有(沒有)許多游客在等著。

Therewillberaintomorrow.明天將有雨。

Theremustbesomethingwrong.一定有什么毛病了。

二、句子成分分析

(定語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)(狀語(yǔ))謂語(yǔ)(定語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)(狀語(yǔ))

如:

(Thetall)boy(often)go(tothebig)zoo.

(Thehappy)childwent(his)home(yesterday)

句子成分劃分巧計(jì)

主在前,謂在中,賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)后面沖。短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)住賓后,形代定語(yǔ)住賓前。間賓直賓緊相連,直間之間to,for連。賓補(bǔ)位于賓語(yǔ)后,地狀常在時(shí)狀前。

一主語(yǔ):

是一個(gè)句子的主體,一般放在謂語(yǔ)之前,是動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者。

主語(yǔ)由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式或從句充當(dāng)。

1.Maryisagoodstudents.(名詞)

2.Unityisstrength.(名詞)

2

3.Heenjoyswalkinginthefields.(代詞)

4.Fourplussixisten.(數(shù)詞)

5.Toworkhardisimportant.(不定式短語(yǔ))

6.ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(不定式短語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ),it

為形式主語(yǔ))

7.Smokingisbadforhealth.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ))

8.Whenweshallgobackhasnotbeendecidedyet.(從句作主語(yǔ),即主

語(yǔ)從句)

二謂語(yǔ):

用來說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),表明主語(yǔ)是什么,做什么,或怎么樣。

謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng),可由各種時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示

1.Greathopesmakegreatmen.(動(dòng)詞)

2.Shelookedafterhimtwoyearsago.(動(dòng)詞詞組)

3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞)

4.ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞)

5.Thedictionaryismine.(連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))

6.Shelookshappy.(連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))

三賓語(yǔ):

表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者,由名詞,代詞,不定式,相當(dāng)于名詞的

詞或從句充當(dāng)充當(dāng),一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。

(一)單賓語(yǔ)

1.Papercatchesfireeasily.(名詞)

2.Hewilldoanythingforher.(代詞)

3.Sheislisteningtoplaytheviolin.(不定式短語(yǔ))

4.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)

5.Hesaidthathewouldcome.(從句,即賓語(yǔ)從句)

(二)雙賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)sth+間接賓語(yǔ)sb)

常見的帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:

givebringbuygetlendmakeofferpateachtell

writereadshowsendleavereturn

1.Motherboughtmeashirtyesterday.

2.ShetaughtusEnglishthen.

3.Isendmymothertwoletterslastmonth.

(三)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))

有些及物動(dòng)詞帶了賓語(yǔ)后,還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足成分,才能使句意完整,即補(bǔ)

充說明賓語(yǔ),能都充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的詞有名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,

分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)

常跟賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:有

allow,ask,advise,call,elect,keep,consider,make,see,name,h

ave,get,help,wish,let,feel,hear,findsmell.1.Weelectedhim

ourmonitor.(名詞)

2.Iwanthimback.(副詞)

3.Cellphonesmakeitpossibleforustoanyonefromanywhere.形容詞

4.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavemoreexercises.(不定式短語(yǔ))

3

5.IheardMarysinginginherroom.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)

6.Hehadhiswatchrepairedyesterday.(過去分詞)

7.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介詞短語(yǔ))你請(qǐng)自便。

四表語(yǔ):

放在連系動(dòng)詞be,become,seem,feelturn(當(dāng)“變得”講時(shí))等之后,用來說明主語(yǔ)的特征,狀態(tài),身份等,可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的詞有名詞,動(dòng)詞-ed形式或句子

1.Hebecamekingwhenhewasonlyachild.(名詞)

2.Thebookishers.(代詞)

3.Heisfreetoday.(形容詞)

4.Hermotherwillbebacksoon.(副詞)

5.Imsixteen.(數(shù)詞)

6.Heseemedworriedaboutit.(動(dòng)詞過去分詞)

7.Itissurprisingtohearthenews.(動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞)

8.Theproblemishowtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.(不定式短語(yǔ))

9.ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.(從句,即表語(yǔ)從句)

五定語(yǔ):

用來修飾名詞或代詞,可作定于的詞有名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式,動(dòng)詞-ed形式以及從句,定于分為前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)

1.YaoMingisanexcellentbasketballplayer.(形容詞,前置)

2.Ronaldoisafootballplayer.(名詞,前置)

3.Yourhairneedscutting.(代詞,前置)

4.Thirtystudentsattendedtheparty.(數(shù)詞,前置)

5.Heisinthesittingroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞,前置)

6.Youcanseefallenleaveseverywhereinfall.(過去分詞,前置)

7.Whoisthegirldancingoverthere?(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),后置)

8.Thehotelbuiltlastyearisthebestinthecity.(過去分詞短語(yǔ),后置)

9.Thisthehousewhichwevisited.(從句,即定語(yǔ)從句,后置)

六狀語(yǔ):

用來修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,用來表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,方式,程度,目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步,頻度等情況。

通常用作狀語(yǔ)的詞有副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式,動(dòng)詞-ed形式,名詞詞組,從句等,狀語(yǔ)一般放在詞尾,但有的也放在句首或句中

1.Theplanewilltakeoffinafewminutes.(介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

2.Hecamelatebecauseoftherain.(介詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))

3.Shecuttheapplewiththeknife.(介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ))

4.Therearemuchfishinthelake.(介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))

5.Theriverisverylong.(副詞作程度狀語(yǔ))

6.Heranfasttocatchthetrain.(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))

7.Shewokesuddenlytofindhimstandingnearthebed.(不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

8.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethelibrary.(現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ))

9.Givenanotherchance,hewillsucceed.(過去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ))4

10.Theywalkedinspiteoftheheavysnow.(介詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ))

11.Heusuallygoestobedatten.(頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ))

12.Theyaregenerousalthoughtheyarepoor.(從句作狀語(yǔ),讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

找出下列句子的句子成分并翻譯出來:

1.Thefarmcoveredthousandsofacres.(英畝)

2.Don'tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.

3.Theplaceisworthtobevisited.

4.OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.

5.Therestoftheappleisrotten.(腐爛的)

6.Ichoosetogotoworkbybus.

7.Thereareplentyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.

8.Imetherbychance.

9.Icameacroanoldphotointhedrawer.(抽屜)

10.Thechildtriedtocatchtheteacher'seye.

11.Iintendtofinishthetexttoday.

12.Shelooksyoungconsideringherage.

13.CarryonworkingwhileIamaway.

14.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)

15.TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(工人和作家是同一個(gè)人)

16.Somethinghasgonewrongwithmywatch.

17.Theywerestrugglingtogetoutoftheburningcar.

18.Shedidwanttohavewhatiscalledmobilephone.

19.Wethinkitisnecessarytoworkhard.

20.Seekingfriendshipishumannature.

5

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