二謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),副詞介詞短語(yǔ)名詞詞組動(dòng)詞不定式分詞短語(yǔ),簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)的句子,英語(yǔ)句子成分一句子成分的定義構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分和類型
I.句子成分
一.主語(yǔ):是句子要說明的人或物,是句子的主體,一般放在句首。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式
和主語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)成分。
e.g.Experienceisthebestteacher.
Heknowsagreatdeal.
Threefromfiveleavestwo.
Growingflowersismyhobby.
Togetonthatcrowdedbusisverydifficult.
Whathedidwasright.
注意幾點(diǎn):
1.the+adj.也可以構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Theoldshouldbetakengoodcareof.
Thenewreplacestheold.
2.動(dòng)名詞或是動(dòng)詞不定式做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)。
e.g.Itisverydifficulttogetonthatcrowdedbus.
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.
3.介詞短語(yǔ)不能做主語(yǔ)。
e.g.Bybusismyfavoritemeansoftransportation.(wrong)
Butwecansay:Underthetableliesacat.
Onthewallhangtwopictures.
二.謂語(yǔ):說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后,有一定的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)
態(tài)。
e.g.Thecrowdcheered.
Sheisastudent.
Ihavealreadyreadit.
Youneednotgoinperson.
Wetookpartinaneveninglastnight.
Mybikewasstolenyesterday.
**注意主謂一致。
三.賓語(yǔ):動(dòng)作所涉及的人或物。有動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)之分。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和賓
語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分。
e.g.Theydoexerciseeveryday.
Theyoftenhelpus.
----Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?----Ihavethree.
Wealllikeswimming.
Theywantedtogohome.
Idon’tknowwhenhewillbeback.
WangHualentmeanoveltoreadonthebus.
注意:動(dòng)詞不定式只能做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),不做介詞賓語(yǔ)。
e.g.Iwanttoswim.
Iamfondofswimming.
Heisgoodatplayingbasketball.
四.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):跟在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、
動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等都可以作賓補(bǔ)。
Judge:1.Heworkedverywell.
2.Hewelcomeduswarmly.
e.g.WeconsiderTomanhonestboy.
Thegoodnewsmadeushappyandgay.
Wesupposedhimupstairs.
Weconsiderheraboveothers.
WebelieveTomtobeafineplayer.
Wemusthavethehouserebuilt.
Don’tleavehimwaitingoutside.
五.表語(yǔ):在系動(dòng)詞后面用來說明主語(yǔ)的身份、狀態(tài)或特征的成分。名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞
不定式、動(dòng)名詞和表語(yǔ)從句都可作表語(yǔ)。
系動(dòng)詞:be;get;become;grow;taste;sound;smell;feel;stay;look;seem;turnetc.
1
e.g.Mr.Brownisanengineer.
It’sme.
Hisexplanationsoundsquitereasonable.
He’supstairs.
Heisintheroom.
Mytaskistopaintthehousetoday.
Theimportantthingisknowingwhattodo.
Mymothergotexcitedatthenews.
Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairtheradio.
六.定語(yǔ):用來修飾和限定名詞或代詞的成分。形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、
分詞、定語(yǔ)從句都可以用作定語(yǔ)。
e.g.Abrightfutureshinesbeforeoureyes.
abookstore;mybooks;threebooks
Thebookherebelongstome.
ThestudentsofClaSixarehavinganEnglishlesson.
Ihavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlplayingtheviolinismysister.
Lessonslearnedeasilyaresoonforgotten.
IliketheplacewhereIwasborn.
七.狀語(yǔ):用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的成分。副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞詞組、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)
和狀語(yǔ)從句都可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
e.g.Chinaisextremelyrichinnaturalresources.
Theboyshaveleftthehousebythebackdoor.
Wehavealreadywalked30miles.
Hewillleavethedayaftertomorrow.
Tomasteraforeignlanguage,youmuststudyithard.
Albertisinthebedroomreadingabook.
Troubledbytheproblem,sheaskedherteacherforhelp.
IwaswatchingTVwhenhecamein.
Asitwasfine,wewentouting.
八.同位語(yǔ):有主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)之分,用來補(bǔ)充說明或解釋主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的成分。名詞詞組和同位語(yǔ)從
句可充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)。
e.g.Weloveourcountry,thegreatPeople’sRepublicofChina.
Thequestionwhetherhewaswrongtroubledusalot.
Thewholenationwassorryforthenewsthattheirpresidenthadpassedaway.
Practice:分析句子成分
1.Pleaseclosethewindowbeforeyouleaveyourroom.
2.Theyaresittingcloseagainstthewallandhavingarest.
3.Tomisoneofmyclosefriendwhoarealwaysreadytohelpme.
4.IforgottorepairmywatchbecauseIwasinahurrytogohome.
5.ThemilkproducedinTibettastesgood.
6.Itissillytotalklikethat.
7.Theriverrosetenfeetintheevening.
8.WecalledTomourwalkingdictionary.
9.YouhadbetteranswerthequestioninEnglish.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Shegavehimapieceofpapertowriteon.Thepeopleallovertheworldarehopingforpeace.Thelittlegirlcandreherselfnow.Itwasapitythatyoudidn'twatchthewonderfulfootballmatch.Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.Weshoulddosomethingtohelpthevictimsindifficulty.2
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
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23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Iprefermycoffeehot.Ipreferhotcoffee.Youmayaskthewomansittingatthetable.Whereveryougo,youcannotsucceedperseverance.Dareyourefusetogo?Don’tworryaboutme.Takecareofyourself.Youcanrelyonhimtodoanythingthatisnecessary.Alotofnoiseisgoingonoutside.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Hearingthegoodnewsthatourteamhadwonthegame,wejumpedwithjoy.SheexpressedthehopethatshewouldvisitChinaagainwhenwesawheroff.TheboynexttoMaryusuallywalkstoschoolexceptwhenitrains.Ialwayshelpwhoeverisinneedofhelp.ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwascaughtinatrafficjam.Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeveryonepresent.
II.句法
什么是句子?
KEY:含有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)成分并表達(dá)明確意思的語(yǔ)言單位稱為句子。
e.g.Heworkshard.
Heisjumping.
Hehasbeenexamined.
句子的三種類型:
1.簡(jiǎn)單句(SimpleSentence):只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)或并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)的句子。
e.g.WelearnEnglish.
RobertandJimoftenstudyandplaytogether.
英語(yǔ)句子雖然變化多端,但都離不開以下六種基本句型:
(1)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))
e.g.Johnstudiesverywell.
Thetaperecorderdoesn'tworkatall.
(2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))
e.g.MiJonesisasecretary.
Hewasverysurprisedatthenews.
(3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))
e.g.Yesterdayonlyafewpeopleattendedthemeeting.
Hedidn’tthinkthatthecarwasexpressive.
(4)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))
e.g.IwroteTomaletteryesterday.
Motherwillbuymeadreformybirthday.
(5)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))
e.g.Thejudgeprovedherinnocent.
Weconsidertheproposalimpractical.
(6)There+be+主語(yǔ)+(狀語(yǔ))
e.g.Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.
Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.
2.并列句(CompoundSentence):由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。通常有并列連詞或分號(hào)把這些句子連起來。
e.g.Themanboughtacarbuthiswifedidn’tknowaboutit.
Gohome,oryourmotherwillbeworried.
Igotuplatethismorning,soIwaslatefortheclass.
3.主從復(fù)合句(ComplexSentence):有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。主句是句子的主體,從
句只是句子的一個(gè)成分。通常用從屬連詞把主句和從句連接起來。
e.g.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.
Hecametoknowthatknowledgeispower.
Beapupilbeforeyoubecomeateacher.
ThisisthenewbookIboughtlastweek.
Foodforthought?
1.Thesurgeonrepairedtheorganofthesickperson,laterhebegantorecover.
2.Turnleft,youwillfindthebank.
3.Therearemanyworkershere,mostofthemarewomen.
4.Workinghardandyouwilldoitwell.
5.Thoughhewasrich,buthedoesnotfeelhappy.
Translation:(并分析句子成分)
1.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)于1914年爆發(fā)。
2.他被選為我們班的班長(zhǎng),因?yàn)樗麨榇蠹宜矏邸?/p>
3.那個(gè)生氣的老師叫粗心的學(xué)生把生詞抄寫50遍。
4.我們都知道一個(gè)單元通常由四個(gè)部分組成。
5.一進(jìn)飯店,他就給自己叫了一杯咖啡。
6.他說的話似乎是對(duì)的。
7.聽到好消息,所有在場(chǎng)的人都?xì)g呼了起來。
8.每天,媽媽都看著女兒過馬路。
9.去年我的生日,我父母給我買了一臺(tái)電腦來鼓勵(lì)我好好學(xué)習(xí)。
10.我們要做的第一件事是要相互了解。
句子成分和類型
英語(yǔ)句子成分2016-9-14(一)句子成分的定義:構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ);次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。
(二)主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動(dòng)名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語(yǔ)從句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ),一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ):(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如:Wearestudents.
(四)表語(yǔ):表語(yǔ)用以說明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動(dòng)名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語(yǔ)從句)
(五)賓語(yǔ):賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛者,一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
賓語(yǔ)種類:(1)雙賓語(yǔ)(間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)
(七)定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動(dòng)名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語(yǔ))
(八)狀語(yǔ):修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語(yǔ))
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語(yǔ))
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語(yǔ))
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
狀語(yǔ)種類如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語(yǔ))
Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.(條件狀語(yǔ))
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語(yǔ))
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語(yǔ))
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語(yǔ))
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語(yǔ))
練習(xí)一
1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.
2.Seeingisbelieving
3.AllofuslikeKobeBryantverymuch
4.Shebecameadoctorin1998
5.Thebooklyingontheflooraremine
6.Suddenlyitbegantorain
7.Tocatchthetrain,Igotupearlyyesterday
8.Ialwaysfindherhappy
9.HewondersifIstillstudyEnglish
10.TheletterwhichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterdaywasafriendofmine
二、選擇填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
http://m.vb2themax.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://m.vb2themax.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
練習(xí)一:
1They(主語(yǔ))areworking(系表結(jié)構(gòu)做謂語(yǔ))onthefarm(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))now(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)).
2.Seeing(動(dòng)詞ing做主語(yǔ))is(謂語(yǔ))believing(賓語(yǔ))
3.Allofus(主語(yǔ))like(謂語(yǔ))KobeBryant(賓語(yǔ))verymuch(程度副詞狀語(yǔ))
4.She(主語(yǔ))became(謂語(yǔ))adoctor(賓語(yǔ))in1998(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
5.Thebook(主語(yǔ))lyingonthefloor(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))are(謂語(yǔ))mine(賓語(yǔ))
6.Suddenly(狀語(yǔ))it(形式主語(yǔ))begantorain(謂語(yǔ))
7.Tocatchthetrain,(目的狀語(yǔ))I(主語(yǔ))gotup(謂語(yǔ))earlyyesterday(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
8.I(主語(yǔ))alwaysfind(謂語(yǔ))her(賓語(yǔ))happy(狀語(yǔ))
9.He(主語(yǔ))wonders(謂語(yǔ))ifI(條件句中的主語(yǔ))stillstudy(條件句中的謂語(yǔ))English(條件句中的賓語(yǔ))整個(gè)條件句做主干的賓語(yǔ)
10.Theletter(主語(yǔ))whichIreceivedthedaybeforeyesterday(定語(yǔ)從句)was(謂語(yǔ))afriendofmine(賓語(yǔ))
二、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB
英語(yǔ)句子類型---TypesofEnglishSentences(結(jié)合步步高264)
I、句子種類(按交際用途分)
陳述句、疑問句、祈使句、感嘆句、Therebe/stand/lie/live存在句
1)陳述句(DeclarativeSentences):說明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(說明事實(shí))Thefilmisratherboring.(說明看法)
2)疑問句(InterrogativeSentences):提出問題。有以下四種:
a.一般疑問句(GeneralQuestions):Canyoufinishtheworkintime?你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎?b.特殊疑問句(WQuestions;HQuestions):Wheredoyoulive?Howdoyouknowthat?c.選擇疑問句(AlternativeQuestions):Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
d.反意疑問句(Tag-Questions):Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?
3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences):提出請(qǐng)求,建議或發(fā)出命令
Sitdown,please.請(qǐng)坐。Don'tbenervous!別緊張!
4)感嘆句(ExclamatorySentences):表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒
Whatgoodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!
II、句子類型(按句子結(jié)構(gòu)分)
簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句、并列復(fù)合句
1、簡(jiǎn)單句只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu),個(gè)個(gè)成分都是單詞或短語(yǔ)的句子。
AllroadsleadtoRome.Isheasuperman?
Don’tbeshy.Haveatry.Themandressedinblackseemstobeaspy.
2、并列句包含兩個(gè)或更多互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),分句由并列連詞and,then,but,or,orelse,so,for,while;both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…,butalso,aswellas等來連接。
Heisabasketballfan,andhiswifeisavolleyballfan.
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
3、復(fù)合句復(fù)合句的某個(gè)成分,如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等,由另一個(gè)句子承當(dāng),即主語(yǔ)從句:Whathewantedtoknowishowtomakegooduseofthelimitedtime.
賓語(yǔ)從句:Herequestedthatsheshouldbedismissed(解雇)
表語(yǔ)從句:Heisnotwhatheusedtobe.
同位語(yǔ)從句:ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.
定語(yǔ)從句:Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraisedbytheheadmasteratthemeeting.狀語(yǔ)從句:由以下詞引導(dǎo)。
1)時(shí)間(after,before,as,when,while,since,till,until,
whenever,aslongas,assoonas;themoment,everytime,nexttime;nosooner…than,hardly…when);
2)地點(diǎn)(where,wherever);
3)方式(as,asif,asthough);
4)程度(as…as,morethan,so…that,such…that);
5)原因(because,since,as,nowthat,that);
6)結(jié)果(,sothat,so…that,such…that);
7)目的(sothat,inorderthat,incase);
8)條件(if,unless);
9)讓步(though,although,evenif,eventhough,inspiteofthefactthat,whenever,wherever,whoever,whichever,However,nomatterhow,whether)。
4并列復(fù)合句,即:并列連詞連接了帶從句的并列句。
e.gEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld,butChinahasthelargestnumberofpeoplewhospeakChinese.
簡(jiǎn)單句的6種類型和句子成分的分析
英語(yǔ)三大基本句型
句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和主從句。
一、簡(jiǎn)單句
簡(jiǎn)單句只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子。WealllearnEnglish.(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))
Myfatherandmothergotoworkat7:00inthemorning.(一個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ))
Heoncelivedandworkedthere.(一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ))
1.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
這種句型簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語(yǔ)一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞,例:Thingschange.事物是變化的。Nobodywent.沒有人去。--Didyougobysea?你們走的是海路嗎?--NO,weflew.不,我們是飛去。
2.主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
這種句型稱為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其實(shí)連系動(dòng)詞在形式上也是一種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,但實(shí)質(zhì)上表語(yǔ)成了謂語(yǔ),例:
Mr.Turnerisanartist.特納先生是位畫家。
Themilkturnedsour.牛奶變酸了。
Shebecamealawyer.她當(dāng)了律師。
3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
這種句型可稱為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu),它的謂語(yǔ)一般多是及物動(dòng)詞,例:Weneverbeatchildren.我們從來不打孩子。
Mysisterwillfixeverything.我姐姐會(huì)料理一切。
4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)
這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu),其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ),例:
Hegavethebooktohissister.他把這本書給了他的妹妹。I'llwriteyoualongletter.我將寫給你一封長(zhǎng)信。
5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)
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這種句型可簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),與賓語(yǔ)一起即構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),例:
Ifoundthebookeasy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書不難。(形容詞easy作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))I'lllethimgo.我將讓他去。(不定式go用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
注意:有時(shí)兩個(gè)或更多的并列主語(yǔ)擁有一個(gè)共同的謂語(yǔ),甚至并列有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ),這樣的句子仍然是簡(jiǎn)單句,例:
ChinaandothercountriesintheeastAsiaaredevelopingrapidly.中國(guó)和東亞其它國(guó)家正在迅速地發(fā)展。(Chinaandothercountries并列主語(yǔ))
Mr.WangandIoftenworktogetherandhelpeachother.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。
6.Therebe+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)(表示時(shí)間或則地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ))
這種句型是一種常見的特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu),它表示存在。
Thereis(not)atwinbedintheroom.房間里有(沒有)一張雙人床。
Thereare(not)alotoftouristswaitingfortheirturns.有(沒有)許多游客在等著。
Therewillberaintomorrow.明天將有雨。
Theremustbesomethingwrong.一定有什么毛病了。
二、句子成分分析
(定語(yǔ))主語(yǔ)(狀語(yǔ))謂語(yǔ)(定語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)(狀語(yǔ))
如:
(Thetall)boy(often)go(tothebig)zoo.
(Thehappy)childwent(his)home(yesterday)
句子成分劃分巧計(jì)
主在前,謂在中,賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)后面沖。短語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)住賓后,形代定語(yǔ)住賓前。間賓直賓緊相連,直間之間to,for連。賓補(bǔ)位于賓語(yǔ)后,地狀常在時(shí)狀前。
一主語(yǔ):
是一個(gè)句子的主體,一般放在謂語(yǔ)之前,是動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者。
主語(yǔ)由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式或從句充當(dāng)。
1.Maryisagoodstudents.(名詞)
2.Unityisstrength.(名詞)
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3.Heenjoyswalkinginthefields.(代詞)
4.Fourplussixisten.(數(shù)詞)
5.Toworkhardisimportant.(不定式短語(yǔ))
6.ItismyjobtoteachthemEnglish.(不定式短語(yǔ)是真正的主語(yǔ),it
為形式主語(yǔ))
7.Smokingisbadforhealth.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ))
8.Whenweshallgobackhasnotbeendecidedyet.(從句作主語(yǔ),即主
語(yǔ)從句)
二謂語(yǔ):
用來說明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),表明主語(yǔ)是什么,做什么,或怎么樣。
謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng),可由各種時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞表示
1.Greathopesmakegreatmen.(動(dòng)詞)
2.Shelookedafterhimtwoyearsago.(動(dòng)詞詞組)
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.(助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞)
4.ShecanspeakEnglishverywell.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞)
5.Thedictionaryismine.(連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))
6.Shelookshappy.(連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))
三賓語(yǔ):
表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,是動(dòng)作的承受者,由名詞,代詞,不定式,相當(dāng)于名詞的
詞或從句充當(dāng)充當(dāng),一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面。
(一)單賓語(yǔ)
1.Papercatchesfireeasily.(名詞)
2.Hewilldoanythingforher.(代詞)
3.Sheislisteningtoplaytheviolin.(不定式短語(yǔ))
4.Hedoesn’tlikeswimming.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)
5.Hesaidthathewouldcome.(從句,即賓語(yǔ)從句)
(二)雙賓語(yǔ)(直接賓語(yǔ)sth+間接賓語(yǔ)sb)
常見的帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:
givebringbuygetlendmakeofferpateachtell
writereadshowsendleavereturn
1.Motherboughtmeashirtyesterday.
2.ShetaughtusEnglishthen.
3.Isendmymothertwoletterslastmonth.
(三)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
有些及物動(dòng)詞帶了賓語(yǔ)后,還需要有一個(gè)補(bǔ)足成分,才能使句意完整,即補(bǔ)
充說明賓語(yǔ),能都充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的詞有名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,
分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)
常跟賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:有
allow,ask,advise,call,elect,keep,consider,make,see,name,h
ave,get,help,wish,let,feel,hear,findsmell.1.Weelectedhim
ourmonitor.(名詞)
2.Iwanthimback.(副詞)
3.Cellphonesmakeitpossibleforustoanyonefromanywhere.形容詞
4.Thedoctoradvisedmetohavemoreexercises.(不定式短語(yǔ))
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5.IheardMarysinginginherroom.(動(dòng)詞-ing形式)
6.Hehadhiswatchrepairedyesterday.(過去分詞)
7.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介詞短語(yǔ))你請(qǐng)自便。
四表語(yǔ):
放在連系動(dòng)詞be,become,seem,feelturn(當(dāng)“變得”講時(shí))等之后,用來說明主語(yǔ)的特征,狀態(tài),身份等,可以充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的詞有名詞,動(dòng)詞-ed形式或句子
1.Hebecamekingwhenhewasonlyachild.(名詞)
2.Thebookishers.(代詞)
3.Heisfreetoday.(形容詞)
4.Hermotherwillbebacksoon.(副詞)
5.Imsixteen.(數(shù)詞)
6.Heseemedworriedaboutit.(動(dòng)詞過去分詞)
7.Itissurprisingtohearthenews.(動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞)
8.Theproblemishowtofinishtheworkaheadoftime.(不定式短語(yǔ))
9.ThisiswhatIwanttotellyou.(從句,即表語(yǔ)從句)
五定語(yǔ):
用來修飾名詞或代詞,可作定于的詞有名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式,動(dòng)詞-ed形式以及從句,定于分為前置定語(yǔ)和后置定語(yǔ)
1.YaoMingisanexcellentbasketballplayer.(形容詞,前置)
2.Ronaldoisafootballplayer.(名詞,前置)
3.Yourhairneedscutting.(代詞,前置)
4.Thirtystudentsattendedtheparty.(數(shù)詞,前置)
5.Heisinthesittingroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞,前置)
6.Youcanseefallenleaveseverywhereinfall.(過去分詞,前置)
7.Whoisthegirldancingoverthere?(現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ),后置)
8.Thehotelbuiltlastyearisthebestinthecity.(過去分詞短語(yǔ),后置)
9.Thisthehousewhichwevisited.(從句,即定語(yǔ)從句,后置)
六狀語(yǔ):
用來修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,用來表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,方式,程度,目的,結(jié)果,條件,讓步,頻度等情況。
通常用作狀語(yǔ)的詞有副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式,動(dòng)詞-ed形式,名詞詞組,從句等,狀語(yǔ)一般放在詞尾,但有的也放在句首或句中
1.Theplanewilltakeoffinafewminutes.(介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
2.Hecamelatebecauseoftherain.(介詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ))
3.Shecuttheapplewiththeknife.(介詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ))
4.Therearemuchfishinthelake.(介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
5.Theriverisverylong.(副詞作程度狀語(yǔ))
6.Heranfasttocatchthetrain.(不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))
7.Shewokesuddenlytofindhimstandingnearthebed.(不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
8.Turningtotheleft,youwillseethelibrary.(現(xiàn)在分詞作條件狀語(yǔ))
9.Givenanotherchance,hewillsucceed.(過去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ))4
10.Theywalkedinspiteoftheheavysnow.(介詞短語(yǔ)作讓步狀語(yǔ))
11.Heusuallygoestobedatten.(頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ))
12.Theyaregenerousalthoughtheyarepoor.(從句作狀語(yǔ),讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)
找出下列句子的句子成分并翻譯出來:
1.Thefarmcoveredthousandsofacres.(英畝)
2.Don'tleavethewaterrunningallthetime.
3.Theplaceisworthtobevisited.
4.OnlythendidIrealizeIwaswrong.
5.Therestoftheappleisrotten.(腐爛的)
6.Ichoosetogotoworkbybus.
7.Thereareplentyofrestaurantstochoosefrom.
8.Imetherbychance.
9.Icameacroanoldphotointhedrawer.(抽屜)
10.Thechildtriedtocatchtheteacher'seye.
11.Iintendtofinishthetexttoday.
12.Shelooksyoungconsideringherage.
13.CarryonworkingwhileIamaway.
14.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)
15.TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(工人和作家是同一個(gè)人)
16.Somethinghasgonewrongwithmywatch.
17.Theywerestrugglingtogetoutoftheburningcar.
18.Shedidwanttohavewhatiscalledmobilephone.
19.Wethinkitisnecessarytoworkhard.
20.Seekingfriendshipishumannature.
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