主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)名詞數(shù)詞形容詞副詞介詞，不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞形容詞短語(yǔ)懸垂，狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞介詞短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任，句子不簡(jiǎn)潔應(yīng)將劃線部分刪去變換句式。
英語(yǔ)基本句子的寫法[1].
第一步：如何寫好基本句子
1.六種基本句型
1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ))（主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（+副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等））
Iamspeaking.
Hewalksveryfast.
(Hewalkshisdoginthe
parkeveryevening.)
Thesunrisesintheeast.
Herecomesthebus.(此句主謂倒裝了)Hereitcomes.
Hereisyourchange.
Hereweare.
Theregoesthebugle.(此句主謂倒裝了)
2）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞
等））
IstudyEnglish.
Sheloveshim.
Wegetthree.
3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Hegivesmeabook.
Shewillbuymeanewbike.Hewillgiveabooktome.
Shewillbuyabikeforme.
Abookisgiventome.
Iamgivenabook.
4)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)
足語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞)
WecallhimJohn.
Theyfindthetaskdifficult.
Sheregardsmeasherbrother.Shesawhimout.
WhathasmadeChina
whatsheistoday?
Wefoundhimmurderedin
thehouse.
Shesawherbrotherlying
ontheground.
Wenoticedthedrivergetonthebusanddriveitaway.
5)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞
短語(yǔ)等）
Sheisastudent.
Heistwenty.
Wearestrong.
Shelooksveryyoung.
Hearinghisjoke,herface
turnedred.
Hereisyourchange.(此句主表倒裝了)Thebookisonthetable.
Withyouincharge,Iamatease.
6）Therebe+主語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）Thereisadeskintheclassroom.Therearemanystudentsontheplayground.
2.句子的四種類型
1）簡(jiǎn)單句
JohnlovesMary.
JohnlovesMaryandgiveshermoney.
JohnandCliffloveMary.
JohnandCliffloveMaryandhersisterandgivethemmoney.一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可表示：
A．a(chǎn)statement(陳述)
Mr.Brownteachesthisclass.
B.aquestion(問題)
Doyouunderstandme?
C.acommandorarequest(命令)Openthedoor.
Pleasehelpmewithmywork.Letusgorightaway.
D.anexclamation(感嘆)
Howcolditis!
Howfastheruns!
Whatanicedayitis!
2)并列句
JohnlovesMary,butshedoesn’tlovehim.
FinallyJohnpersuadedMarytomarryhimforheisacharmingpersistentyoungman.
Thewindisblowing;thelightflashing;thethunderroaring;therainpouringdown;theearth
rocking.
并列句常用連詞有：
A．表示并列關(guān)系的連、副詞有：and;notonly…..butalso;furthermore;besides;likewise;moreover;again;IlikeEnglishandhelikesFrench.Notonlyisthefurcoatsoft,butitisalsowarm.
Thecarwasalmostnew;
furthermoreitwasinexcellentcondition.
B．表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連\副、介詞：
but;yet;still;however;
nevertheless;in
spiteof;despite;
notwithstanding;
despitethat
Thecoatwasthinbutitwas
warm.
Thecarwasquiteold;yetit
wasinexcellentcondition.
Inspiteofitsage,thecarwas
inexcellentcondition.
Thecarwasquiteold;despite
thatitwasinexcellent
condition.
C.表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞：or;neither;neither….nor
Youmustworkharder,oryouwilllosetheexam.
Eitheryouranswerormineiswrong.
Youranswerisnotright,
neitherismine.
NeitheryounorIamtoblame.
D.表示因果關(guān)系的連\副詞:so;then;therefore;consequently;
accordingly;
Therainbegantofall,sowe
wenthome.
Weworkeduntilsix;thenwewenthome.
Hebroketherulesofthe
school;thereforehehadtoleave.
3）主從復(fù)合句
賓語(yǔ)從句)主語(yǔ)從句)表語(yǔ)從句)
主語(yǔ)從句)賓語(yǔ)從句)
doesnotlovehim.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
定語(yǔ)從句)Nomatterwhathappens\
goon.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
4）并列主從復(fù)合句
Whenheavyraincomes,the
streamsrise,andfarmersknow
thattherewillbefloods.
TheneighborhoodthatHenry
grewupinwasfairlyprosperous,
butitwasbynomeanswealthy.
3.寫句子時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤
1）不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、
形容詞短語(yǔ)懸垂
incorrect
TolearnEnglishwell,muchpracticeisnecessary.
Heated,wecanmakewaterintosteam.Afterreadingtheletter,myheartwasbeatingfast.
Afraidtoeatanymoreseafood,thewaiterremoveditfromhistable.
2)修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位
Thenewsboywalkedhisbicycletothehouseofhisfirstcustomer
burdenedwithnewspapers.
TheU.S.onlyhasahistoryof200-oddyears.
Alicecouldseealotofcarsrunningfastoutsidethroughherwindow.
Hegavetherosetothelovelyactrehehadboughtforhiswife.
3)代詞指代混亂
BeforeCathygavethedogitscorrectTolearn….,weneedmuchpractice.Heated,watercanbemadeintosteam.Afterreading...,Ifoundmyheartbeatingfast.Afaidtoeat...,heaskedthewaitertoremoveit…Thenewsboyburdenedwithnewspaperswalked…TheU.S.hasahistoryofonly200-oddyears.ThoughherwindowAlicecouldsee…Hegavetherosethathehadboughtforhiswifethattothelovelyactress.
food,Cathywashedthedogbeforeshegaveititsfood.
shewasheditJackwasbittenbya
dog,butitwas…,butthebitewasnotserious.
notserious.
InMary’slettershetriedtopersuadeInherletter,Mary…
ustogiveuptheplan.
Miketoldhisfatherthathiscarwouldn’tMikesaidtohisfather,“Yourcarwon’tstart.”start.
4).混亂轉(zhuǎn)換
EverystudentisrequiredtobringtheirbooksEverystudentsis…h(huán)isbooks…totheclassroom.
Shelefttheclassroomwhenthetestisover.Sheleft…whenthetestwasover.First,buildafireandthenyoushouldmakethe…,andthenmakethecoffee.
coffee.
5).不完整句
HehadaneedandaninterestinlearningaHehadaneedforandaninterestin…secondforeignlanguage.
SuzhouinnearertoShanghaithanNanjing.SuzhouisnearertoShanghaithanNanjingis.
4.寫簡(jiǎn)潔的句子
句子不簡(jiǎn)潔，應(yīng)將劃線部分刪去5.變換句式
Hepickeduptheballquickly.Quicklyhepickedupthe…
HewasyoungandshortandcouldnotjoinHewastooyoungandtoshorttojointhearmy.thearmy.
Thomaswastiredofstudying,sohetookTiredofstudying,Thomas…
arest.
Tolstoy,completingAnnaKarennina,wonCompletingAnnaKarenian,Tolstoywon…thenationalrecognitioninRussia.
6.破句
HedecidedtolearnJapanese.Hedecidedtolearn…becauseitis…Becauseitisausefullanguage.
Thegrouptravelledforaweek.Thegrouptravelled…andfinallyarrivedon…FinallyarrivingonSaturday.
Oneofthecentury’sgreat…penicillin,amiracle…
Medicalinventionispenicillin.Amiracle
drugthathassavedmillionsoflives.
7.溶合句
Shewrotehimaloveletterhe
answeredShewrote…andheansweredherinperson.
herinperson.
ThebeltwastoosmallforhimshehadThebeltwassosamllforhimthatshehad…tochangeitforanotherone.
Whydoyouaskhowdoesitconcernyou?Whydoyouaskhowitconcernsyou?
Ididn’twanttotalktomybrotherIpretendedIdidn’twant…soIpretendedtobeasleep.tobeasleep.
8.句子成份不平衡
Simonishealthy,weakthyandanathlete.Simonis…andathletic.
Paulworksnotonlytocompetebuthealso…competebybutalsotowinamedal.wantstowinamedal.
Idon’tknowwhichIenjoymore,toplay…enjoymore,playingtennisorswimming.tennisorswimming.
Mymothershowsherlovebycookingand….showherlovebycookingforandservingthefaimilyservingthefamily.
Exercises
Exercises1
Revisethefollowingsentences.
1.Tohearhimtalk,hewasthoughttobeamillionaire.
2.Readinganovel,thedoorbellrang.
3.Shestaredatthepeoplenearbywithangryeyes.
4.Whilewalkingalongthestreet,thehighbuildingslookedshinyandmagnificent.
5.Towinbusiness,manyrisksmustbetaken.
6.Asanonlyson,hisparentsaretooindulgenttohim.
7.Hehasonlyafacethatamothercouldlove.
8.JohnSmithwhoisaneighbourofminewillgowithus.
9.Thestudentsdomorningexerciseseverydaytokeepfit.
10.Theresultbeingthathewonthegame.
11.Mynewcarisapleasuretodrivethereisn’ttheslightestsqueakorrattle.
12.ThevillagersspeaklittleEnglishthevisitorsseldomknowanytheirlanguage.
13.SelectingHydeParkCornerasastartingplace,ourroutegoesalongKnightsbridge.
14.Steppingcarelesslyoffthepavement,thebusknockedhimdown.
15.Climbingtothetopofthetower,thereisamagnificnetviewtobeseen.
16.BeingSunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.
17.Ifyoulearnhowtotakenotesinclass,muchextraworkwillbeavoided.
18.Firstmixsomeflourwithalittlewaterandthenyouputinsomesugar.
19.IsawmoreofhimthanRichard.
20.Thepolicman’swarningwasacceptedbyher.
21.Iwokeupatsixa.m.thismorning.
22.Shelookedasthoughshewasangry.
23.AlthoughTomarrivedlatehoweverhewasnotcriticizedbytheteacherbecausehehadabad
headache.
24.Becauseheaskedmetogo,soIwent.
25.Alreadywornoutbyillness,thebadnewskilledhim.
26.Drivingacaronfrozenroadsthebrakesshouldbeappliedgently.
27.LearningEnglish,thepronunciationalwayscausedmemosttrouble.
28.OneofntheyoungmenshoutedsomethinginGerman.
Wavinghishandintheair.
29.Hetoldmeasecret.Thathehadboughtheraring.
30.Tomtoldhisbrotherthathewasintrouble.
Exerciese2
Fillintheblankswithappropriateconnectives.
1._____ithadstoppedraining,welefttherailwaystation.
2.Celiaarrangedthemeeting,and,_____sheconsideredthetermsunfair,shesignedthecontract.
3.Attheageofseventy,theoldmanreturnedtohisnativetown_____hewasbroughtup.
4.Idon’tagreewithyou,_____doesmypartner.
5.Iamgoingoutforashorttime,______youcangetsupperready.
6.Findout_____theyaregoingthisevening_____ask_______wemayjointhem.
7._____idonotlikehimverymuch,Icanappreciatehisqualities.
8.Hewasveryseriouslyill;______doctorshavealmostgivenuphopeofhisrecovery.
9.Those______arenotpreparedtostudyshould_____changetheirways______makeroomfor
those______willwork.
10.Theygotoocncertsofpopmusic_____theyreallylikeit.
11.Shecan’thopetopatheexaminDecember,_____she’llhvetowaittillJune.
12.Hebroketherulesoftheschool;_____hehadtoleave.
13.Idon’tknowanythingagainsttheman;_____Idon’ttrusthim.
14.I’llbuyanewsuitwhenIgetthechequefortheworkIdid;_____,I’mafraidthisoldonewill
havetodoabitlonger.
15.He’llneverbeagoodviolinist;_____,theprofessortoldhimso.
16.Hedoesn’tworkhard;_____he’sincapableofhardwork.
17.You’llrecognizehim______youseehim.
18.______isyouranswerwrong______mineis______.
19.Thenearesttownis5or10milesfrom_____theylive.
20.Youmustworkharder;______youwillbeputintoanotherclass.
附注：
主語(yǔ)一般由以下詞類擔(dān)任：名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句、the+某些形容詞;
Thefarmerworkshard.
Threeofuswentthereyesterday.
SheteachesEnglish.
Toservethepeopleismypleasure.
Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.
Whathesaidatthemeetingisimportant.
Thepoorarelivingabitterlife.
謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。動(dòng)詞可分為：及物動(dòng)詞（要賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)可單也可雙）、不及物動(dòng)詞（沒有賓語(yǔ)）、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（由動(dòng)詞+其他詞構(gòu)成，可及物，也可不及物，視后接的詞具體情況而定）、連系動(dòng)詞；
HestudiesEnglish.
Shegavemetwobookslastweek.(此句謂語(yǔ)是雙賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞)
Theteacherrunsfast.
Theworkerlooksatthepicturecarefully.
Weshouldpayattentiontoourenvironmentalprotection.
Themeetingtookplaceyesterday.
Youmaylookupthenewwordsinthedictionary.
Herfaceturnedred.
Itisasmallhouse.
賓語(yǔ)的詞類與主語(yǔ)相同；
Theywilllookafterthegardenforyou.
Shegaveusthree.
Thenurseforgottogivemethemedicine.
Youshouldremembermeetingherlastweek.
Theteacherwilltelluswhathesaidatthemeetinglastweek.
Weshouldcareforthepoor.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞）擔(dān)任；
Thetrainingschoolmadeheragoodwifeandmother.
Doingmorningexercisemakesmestrong.
Weconsiderthereportofgreatimportance.
WhathasmadeChinawhatsheistoday?
Shewantsyoutohelpher.
Theyfoundthepersonseriouslyinjured.
Thenursefoundhimlyingontheground.
表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、形容詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任；
Heisafarmer.
Herfaceturnedred.
Iamatease.
Mydutyistolookafterthepatient.
Herjobiscleaningtheclassroom.
Thesituationispressing.
Weareallexcited.
Thatiswhathedidyesterday.
狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任；
Shespeaksveryfast.
Wecandotheworkwithease.
Whenhecame,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.
Toservethepeoplebetter,wemuststudyhard.
Beinganhonestperson,hetoldthetruth.
Exploitedbythelandlord,thefarmersthereallhatedhim.
定語(yǔ)一般由名詞（表用途）、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)(后置)、副詞、定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任；
Hesatinthewaitingroom.
WeboughtacolorTVlastyear.
Theteacherteachestwentystudents.
Ourcountryisapowerfulone.
Thepenonthedeskismine.
Thefarmerstheresufferedalotbeforeliberation.
Mybrother,whoworksinShanghai,isaprofessor.
Theexloitedclassesandtheexloitingclassesarenaturallyhostiletoeachother.Oneofthemeasurestakenistoorganizevisitstootherfactories.
Ihaveafewwordstosay.
Theylivedinaroomfacingthesouth.
Thisisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher.