英語自學教程(上冊) 筆記 Unit 3-1
大學英語自學教程(上冊) 筆記 Unit 3-1
Unit 3
Text A: The Atlantic ocean
In the earth, there are four oceans: the pacific ocean, the Atlantic ocean, the Indian ocean, and the Arctic ocean. The Atlantic ocean isn’t the biggest in area, but there are other two things that make it very unusual. Do you want to know what they are, and then please read the text very carefully? And from the past exams the text is very important.
A.New words:
1.sailor: n 水手、海員； sail: v 航海， n航海、帆（*）
a.He has sailed for New York.
b.He is a good sailor and seldom gets sick during storms at sea.
c.How many days’ sail is it from Tianjin to Dalian?
2.unwilling: a不情愿的， 反義詞willing：愿意的，常用短語：be willing to do…, be unwilling to do…; 副詞：unwillingly, willingly; 名詞：will意愿、意志。（*）
a.He is happy with the price and willing to pay.
b.The child always does his homework unwillingly, so he hasn’t made much progress.
c.She is ill and unwilling to go out with us.
3.unusual: a不尋常的、與眾不同的，反義詞：usual, 副詞：usually(*)
a.Young people should not wear unusual clothes.
b.He went to town as usual with his father.
c.A classified advertisement is usually a few lines long.
4.salty: a 咸的，salt: n 鹽；salted用鹽腌的
a.The sea water is salty.
b.The salted beef is delicious.
5.average: n/a/v平均數(shù)、平均的、平均常用短語：on the average(*)
a.The average of 2,3 and 4 is 3.
b.The average age of the students in this class is eighteen.
c.They averaged 20 miles a day during their last journey.
6.range: n 山脈、范圍；v 變化，排列成行
a.She has a wide range of interests.
b.He ranged the books by size.
7. peak: n 高峰，adj 高峰的，反義詞：off-peak
peak hour = rush hour
8.eastward, westward, northward, southward: adj adv
9. crew:集體名詞
10. becalm: v become calm; calm: a 平靜的、安靜的, please keep calm.
11.current: n 水流、電流；adj 流行的
a.The current is the strongest in the middle of the river.
b.Turn off the current while making repairs.
c.of all her dresses, only one is still current.
12.affect: v 影響、打動；effect n 影響，have an effect on sth; affecting adj 動人的；effective adj 有影響的、有效的'。（*）
a.Violent TV programs have a bad effect on the children.
b.Music can affect some people very strongly.
c.The law is no longer effective.
13. furnish: v 用家具布置，家具：furniture.
B.Grammar knowledge: 定冠詞的用法
please look at the following sentences from the text:
a.The Atlantic ocean is one of the oceans that ….
b.The narrowest place is between the bulge of ….
c.The Azores are the tops of the peak ….
1.冠詞（articles）:是一種虛詞，放在一個名詞前，幫助說明該名詞的含義。它分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。
2.定冠詞the的用法如下：
�、僦貜蜕衔奶岬竭^的人或物：
e.g. There is a refrigerator in the kitchen. The refrigerator is white.
(第一次提到用不定冠詞，第二次用定冠詞，表特指。)
�、谔刂刚勗掚p方都知道的人或物。
e.g. How do you like the film?
�、壑甘澜缟溪氁粺o二的事物。
e.g. The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun.
④常用在樂器前：
e.g. I want to play the piano/ the violin.
�、萦迷谝恍┕檬聵I(yè)名稱前,
e.g. I will go to the post office/ the museum/ the cinema.
⑥用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前，
e.g. the first time, the biggest.
�、哂迷谀承⿲Ｓ忻~前，
e.g. the people’s Republic of China, the great wall, the white house
�、嗵刂改承┙�、山脈、海洋、湖泊，
e.g. the Changjiang River, the pacific ocean, the Himalayas, the Salt Lake
�、岷湍承┬稳菰~連用，表示某一類人,
e.g. the rich, the poor, the dead, the young
⑩用在姓氏的復數(shù)形式前，表一家人,
e.g. The Greens are watching TV.
另外，還用在許多習慣用語中：in the morning/afternoon/evening, on the left. Right, by the way, in the middle of etc.
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