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定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞

時(shí)間:2022-12-07 09:41:01 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞

  定語(yǔ)從句(也稱關(guān)系從句、形容詞性從句),是指一類由關(guān)系詞(英語(yǔ):relative word)引導(dǎo)的從句,因?yàn)檫@類從句的句法功能多是做定語(yǔ),所以曾被稱為定語(yǔ)從句,下面是小編為大家收集的定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞,歡迎大家借鑒與參考,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

  定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞

  引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose),as等;關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用。關(guān)系詞起3個(gè)作用:

  1、引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

  2、代替先行詞。

  3、在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

  本單元學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

  1. who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)

  The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

  Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

  2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),常可省略

  Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

  Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

  注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中有的時(shí)候常用who代替,并且可以省略。如:

  The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

  3. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)

  He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

  I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

  whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替:

  The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  → The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

  → Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

  4. which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

  Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

  This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

  5. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。在定語(yǔ)從

  句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略

  The number of the people that/who visit the city each year rises one million.

  Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

  The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000.

  It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house.

  The boy(whom/that/who)we saw yesterday was John’s brother.

  The car(which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.

  關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ),因此定語(yǔ)從句不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。如:

  (誤)The story(that/which)you told me it yesterday is interesting.

  (正)The story(that/which)you told me yesterday is interesting.

  昨天你給我講的那個(gè)故事很有趣。

  That 和which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物時(shí),常?梢曰Q。但下面幾種特殊情況,不能互換,只能用that, 不用which.

  1)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which. 例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam.

  他是第一個(gè)通過考試的人。

  2)被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which. 例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?

  你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

  3)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which. 例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.

  這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

  4)先行詞里同時(shí)含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

  我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見到的人和一些照片。

  5)以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that. 例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying?

  正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?

  6)主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

  桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

  關(guān)系代詞

  which:引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ);先行詞指事物

  that:引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);先行詞指人或事物

  who:引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);先行詞指人

  whom:引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作賓語(yǔ);先行詞指人

  whose:引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作定語(yǔ),先行詞指人

  as:引導(dǎo)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ);通常用于such…as…結(jié)構(gòu)

  He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一個(gè)說(shuō)話算話的人.(先行詞指人,關(guān)系

  代詞who/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  Is there anyone in your department whose father is a teacher?你們系有個(gè)父親是老

  師的.人嗎?(先行詞之人,關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,并在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))

  To be frank,I don’t like the movie which/that you recommend to me yesterday.

  說(shuō)實(shí)話,你昨天推見給我的那部影片我不喜歡.(先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)

  定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  一 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的使用

  ⒈ 如果修飾人,一般用關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose 或that。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的一般用who或that, 作賓語(yǔ)的一般用whom, who或that, 作定語(yǔ)并具有物主性質(zhì)的用whose。(在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可省略)

  如:

  ①I don’t like people who/that get angry easily.

  我不喜歡容易發(fā)脾氣的人。

  ( 關(guān)系代詞who/ that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),不可省略)

  ②Here is the man (whom/ who/ that) you want to see.

  這就是你想見的人。

 。 關(guān)系代詞whom/ who/ that在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)

  ③Is there anyone in your class whose home is in the northeast?

  你班上有誰(shuí)家在東北的?

 。 關(guān)系代詞whose在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),不能省略)

  注意:用who 還是whom ,完全根據(jù)它們本身在定語(yǔ)從句中的地位和作用而定,與先行詞在主句中的作用無(wú)關(guān)。尤其要注意在帶有插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中who和whom的選用。

  如:

 、賂he person who sent the letter had to pay the postage.

  寄信人要付郵資。

 。 who sent the letter是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾person, who在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),因此用主格)

  ②He is a man who I believe is honest.

  他是一個(gè)我認(rèn)為誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。

 。 I believe是插入語(yǔ),去掉該插入語(yǔ)剩下的便是He is a man who is honest,在語(yǔ)法及句意上都能成立,who是定語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞is的主語(yǔ),故用主格,不用賓格whom.)

 、 如果修飾事物,用關(guān)系代詞which 和that,作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),如果介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前,則用which (不能省) ,而不用that(關(guān)系代詞that既能代人,又能代物)。whose也可用來(lái)指物(此時(shí)可用of which來(lái)代替),在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。

  如:

 、貲on’t buy tomatoes that/ which are green.

  不要買顏色還是青的西紅柿。

  ( that/ which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),不能省)

 、赥he fish (that/ which) they sell are not fresh.

  他們賣的魚不新鮮。

 。 that/ which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以。

 、跿he classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

  = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

  門壞了的那個(gè)教室將很快修理。

 、躎he tool with which he is working is called a saw.

  =The tool (that/ which) he is working is called a saw.

  他干活用的那個(gè)工具叫叫鋸。

 。ń樵~with位于關(guān)系代詞之前,須用which,不能省,也不能用that)

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