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高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)備考語(yǔ)法大全
馬上就要高考了，以下是小編幫大家整理的高考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)備考語(yǔ)法大全，希望可以幫助同學(xué)們提高自身綜合英語(yǔ)能力，戰(zhàn)勝高考。
熱點(diǎn)一：動(dòng)詞詞義辨析
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
考查考生在特定語(yǔ)境中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞能力。
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
備選動(dòng)詞詞義相近，用法相似。
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
1.（03-25）if anybody calls ,tell them i’m out ,and ask them to ______their name and address.
a. pass b. write c. take d. leave
據(jù)題意應(yīng)選leave, 表“留下”。其余動(dòng)詞不合題意，故選d。
[備考策略] ①結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，從區(qū)別詞義著手；其次從用法上加以區(qū)別，如后跟to do\doing做賓語(yǔ) ，還是跟雙賓語(yǔ)，或者是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)等。
②加強(qiáng)對(duì)考綱內(nèi)重要近義動(dòng)詞的復(fù)習(xí)。如：spend ,waste , take, kill；raise, keep, support, feed等。
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
2.（滬04-46） hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ___one-year-old twins at the head.
a. isolated b. separated
c. divided d. removed
3.(浙04-30) if you are feeling so tired ,perhaps a little sleep would ______.
a. act b. help c. serve d. last
key b b
熱點(diǎn)二、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
考查考生在具體語(yǔ)境中運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)能力。
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
�、賯溥x詞組形近或義近，或二者兼?zhèn)浠蛲粍?dòng)詞不同搭配；
�、� 除涉及詞義辨析外，還結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行綜合考查。
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
4.（03-31）news reports say peace talks between the two countries ____with no agreement reached.
a. have broken down b. have broken out
c. have broken in d. have broken up
此題還涉及時(shí)態(tài)，增加了試題難度。考查同一動(dòng)詞不同搭配，break up表打碎，化合物分解，大學(xué)放假等；break down 表（機(jī)器等）壞掉，（計(jì)劃、談判等）失敗，物理分解等；故選a。
5.（04-32）you can take anything from the shelf and read ,but please _____the books when you’ve finished with them.
a. put on b. put down
c. put back d. put off
put是考生熟悉的詞，故此題難度不大，據(jù)題意put back 表放回原處，故選c。
[備考策略]
�、賹�(duì)詞義相近短語(yǔ)加強(qiáng)詞義辨析，如：make up(構(gòu)成，組成),take up(占據(jù)時(shí)間、空間)，keep up (保持)，hold up（延誤、舉起）；
�、诓糠衷~組本身就表被動(dòng)，如：come up（被提出）；還有一部分詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：come about, break out等。
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
6. (京04-35) i don’t ______rock roll. it’s much too noisy for my taste.
a. go after b. go away with
c. go into d. go in for
7. (津04-33 ) it was not a serious illness, and she soon _____it.
a. got over b. got on with
c. got around d. got out of
key d a
熱點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和完成時(shí)是考試熱點(diǎn)。
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
①備選答案涉及不同時(shí)態(tài)的辨析，主要是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；
�、诮Y(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行綜合考查。
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
8. (03-27) all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness______.
a. has grown b. is growing
c. grew d. had grown
據(jù)as可知主從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故選c。
9 . (04-30) my mind wasn’t on what he was saying so i’m afraid i ____half of it.
a. was missing b. had missed
c. will miss d. missed
從連詞so得知前后句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，據(jù)語(yǔ)境，故選d。
[備考策略]
深入情景，揣摩動(dòng)作發(fā)生順序；重視題干暗示作用，如時(shí)間副詞、并列或從屬連詞等；善于運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。
[訓(xùn)練過(guò)關(guān)]
10. (京04-25) now that she is out of a job, lucy ____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
a. had considered b. has been considering
c. considered d. is going to consider
11. (津04-28) — what were you doing when tony phoned you?
— i had finished my work and_____ to take a shower.
a. had started b. started
c. have started d. was starting
key b d
熱點(diǎn)四：動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行綜合考查；在具體語(yǔ)境中恰當(dāng)選用語(yǔ)態(tài)能力。
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
�、賹�(gòu)成方式為“vt. +n. + prep.”的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)故意變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，增加試題的干擾性。
例 much attention should be paid to watching the patients.
�、凇癵et+p.p”也可表被動(dòng)，也是考查熱點(diǎn)。
�、圻�有一些過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，失去被動(dòng)意義，如：hidden, dressed, lost, seated, etc. 僅表狀態(tài)。
�、苡弥鲃�(dòng)表被動(dòng)幾種情況：vi.(write\open\sell\re-ad，etc.) 后跟副詞作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)特征;won’t +do ,表不起作用，句子主語(yǔ)為物，be worth doing ,sth +needs\demands\wants+doing 表示“需要”的意義。
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
12. （粵04-21）all the employees except the manager _____to work online at home.
a. encourages b. encourage
c. is encouraged d. are encouraged
據(jù)題意應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選d。
13. （滬04-30）the number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables.
a. persuade b. will persuade
c. be persuaded d. are persuaded
答案c形式不對(duì)，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選d。
[備考策略]全國(guó)卷近三年單純考查語(yǔ)態(tài)的題目沒(méi)有，結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)考生進(jìn)行考查是考試熱點(diǎn)；據(jù)題干所反映關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，從而恰當(dāng)選用語(yǔ)態(tài)。
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
14. （京04-27)the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _____by 2008.
a. has been completed
b. has completed
c. will have been completed
d. will have completed
15. （蘇04-26）more patients _____in hospital this year than last year.
a. treated b. have treated
c. had been treated d. have been treated
key c d
熱點(diǎn)五：動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
祈使句結(jié)構(gòu)（結(jié)構(gòu)中連詞、陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)和直接以動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭構(gòu)成的祈使句與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別是熱點(diǎn)。）
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
�、倨硎咕�(動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ))+and\or +謂語(yǔ)，用將來(lái)時(shí)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的陳述句；
�、诜穸ńY(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：直接在祈使句前加don’t\never；
③反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：以let’s…構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句，用shall we提問(wèn)；其余情況用will\ won’t you 提問(wèn)。
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
16. (03-24) —sorry, joe. i didn’t mean to …
—don’t call me “joe”. i’m mr. parker,and _____ forget it!
a. do b. didn’t
c. did d. don’t
此題考查祈使句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成，同時(shí)涉及時(shí)態(tài)。句末感嘆號(hào)很重要，據(jù)題意選d。
17.（04-22）let’s keep to the point or we _____any decisions.
a. will never reach b. have never reached
c. never reach d. never reached
據(jù)難點(diǎn)剖析得知，陳述句用將來(lái)時(shí)，故選a。
[備考策略]
近三年沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)有關(guān)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的題目，以前出現(xiàn)if條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法；牢固掌握上述難點(diǎn)剖析中的第一條。
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
18.（滬04-44)— english has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
—yes. _____more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
a. know b. knowing
c. to know d. known
19.（鄂04-34） _____straight on and you’ll see a church. you won’t miss it.
a. go b. going
c. if you go d. when going
key a a
熱點(diǎn)六：系動(dòng)詞
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
系動(dòng)詞的基本用法；get+p.p。
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
①系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)。become后跟名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，若名詞不表職位則保留冠詞；turn后不接冠詞。
�、趕eem\look\appear的區(qū)別；
③continue\stay\last\keep\remain既可作動(dòng)詞又可作系動(dòng)詞，注意各自不同用法。
單詞 意義區(qū)別 用法區(qū)別 相同點(diǎn)
appear 外表給人的印象，暗含事實(shí)并非如此 there appears to be; it appears that;sb appears to do 后跟to be；均可跟as if\like
seem 判斷有一定依據(jù)，接近事實(shí) there seems to be; it seems that;sb seems to do
look 視覺(jué)給人的印象 sb looks to be
單詞 特殊用法
last 表“夠用，足夠維持”講，用作系動(dòng)詞。如：the water supply should last another two days.作“延續(xù)、持續(xù)”講，后常接adv.\prep. 如：the hot weather will last for three days.；lasting
continue 延伸how far does the road continue? ；continue to do\doing; 繼續(xù)走、接著說(shuō)we continued along the road for some time.；continued繼續(xù)地、連續(xù)地
remain 別人離開(kāi)后繼續(xù)留在某地（指人或物）；it remains to be done有待于；it only remains for me to say\thank 我最后想說(shuō)﹨感謝；remaining 剩余的；保存，留存few of his works remain.
stay 人臨時(shí)性地留在某地，過(guò)訪或做客；stay to diner\for lunch；stay home
keep 經(jīng)營(yíng); 贍養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)，照顧；keep doing ；保鮮、食物不壞eat the fish because it won’t keep till tomorrow.；慶祝，過(guò)（節(jié)日等）keep christmas
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
20. （03-30）why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? it will _____fresh for several days.
a. be stayed b. stay
c. be staying d. have stayed
系動(dòng)詞不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選b。
21. （04-28）sarah, hurry up. i’m afraid you won’t have time to _____before the party.
a. get changed b. get change
c. get changing d. get to change
此題考查get +p.p 的用法。此結(jié)構(gòu)既可表被動(dòng)又可表狀態(tài)，故選a。
[備考策略]
�、僬莆粘Ｒ�(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞的基本用法，如：come true, go bad, fall ill, grow rich等；
�、诼�(lián)系記憶turn \come out to be以及promise（表預(yù)示），make（表變?yōu)�，證明為，如：if you train hard, you will make a good teacher.)；consider\think\believe\suppose\etc.+ to be ，尤其是上述動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，務(wù)必注意to 后時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
例 the flu is believed to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
22. (鄂04-30) on hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _____pale.
a. got b. changed
c. went d. appeared
23. (滬04-34) the flowers _____sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
a. to smell b. smelling
c. smelt d. to be smelt
key c b
熱點(diǎn)七：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)。
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
must\can’t\shouldn’t\needn’t\ought to\etc.+ have done 的意義及用法；shall 用于二、三人稱表允諾，命令，警告，強(qiáng)制等；must, can, may表推測(cè)用法見(jiàn)下表。
單詞 用法
must 用于肯定句中，肯定語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。must not表“禁止”。
can 不用于肯定句中，肯定語(yǔ)氣次之。若用于肯定句中，表偶爾一時(shí)的特征。can’t表“不可能”。
may 用于肯定句中，肯定語(yǔ)氣最弱。may not表“可能不”。
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
24.(03-28) a left-luggage office is a place where bags ______be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
a. should b. can
c. must d. will
此題考查can表可以、能夠的用法，故選b。
25.(04-29) — isn’t that ann’s husband over there?
— no, it ____be him—i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
a. can’t b. must not
c. won’t d. may not
can’t 表不可能，語(yǔ)氣肯定，破折號(hào)加以注釋，據(jù)題意，選a。
[備考策略]
①考生應(yīng)熟練掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to\would表過(guò)去常常的區(qū)別；can\may表許可的區(qū)別；should\ought to表應(yīng)該的區(qū)別；could\be able to表能力的區(qū)別。
�、趥�(cè)重于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)。
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
26. (遼04-29) —mum, i’ve been studying english since 8 o’clock. _____i go out and play with tom for a while?
— no, i’m afraid not. besides, it’s raining outside now.
a. can’t b. wouldn’t
c. may not d. won’t
27. (浙04-26) i ____pay tracy a visit, but i’m not sure whether i will have time this sunday.
a. should b. might
c. would d. could
key a a
熱點(diǎn)八：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
[熱點(diǎn)透視]
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
[難點(diǎn)剖析]
�、俜侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)：注意前后邏輯主語(yǔ)一致；結(jié)合省略對(duì)考生進(jìn)行綜合考查；區(qū)別祈使句式和并列結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)注標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，在解題時(shí)尤為關(guān)鍵。
�、诜侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)：不定式作定語(yǔ)表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。若不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)同時(shí)也為句子主語(yǔ)，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，反之用被動(dòng)(如：i’m leaving on business. do you have anything to be taken there?)，另還需注意不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表動(dòng)作完成，與所修飾名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
�、鄯侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：能后跟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞數(shù)量有限，格外注意使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞；為增加試題的干擾性，將賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)分離改作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞(如：the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.)或?qū)⒆髻e補(bǔ)改作主補(bǔ)(如：the missing boys were last seen playing near the river.)；注意“with+ n.\pron.+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。
�、軇�(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)時(shí)，注意避開(kāi)定向思維的干擾。
例 which do you enjoy to kill your spare time—watching tv or playing football?
�、菀蓡�(wèn)詞+to do 的用法。
例 it is said that in australia there is more land than the government knows what to do with it.
[考題盤(pán)點(diǎn)]
28. (02-34) the research is so designed that once ____nothing can be done to change it.
a. begins b. having begun
c. beginning d. begun
此題結(jié)合省略考查過(guò)去分詞的用法，完整的從句為once it was begun,故選d。
29. (03-22) a cook will be immediately fired if he is found _____in the kitchen.
a. smoke b. smoking
c. to smoke d. smoked
現(xiàn)在分詞作主補(bǔ)，是find+n.+doing sth的變形，故選b。
[備考策略]
明辨關(guān)系，看動(dòng)作進(jìn)展，充分考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，慎重選擇三種形式。
[過(guò)關(guān)訓(xùn)練]
30. (京04-29)_____in the queue for half an hour, tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
a. to wait b. have waited
c. having waited d. to have waited
31. （滬04-35）the disk, digitally ____in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
a. recorded b. recording
c. to be recorded d. having recorded
key：c a
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