兩只克隆猴在中國(guó)誕生的英語(yǔ)美文
China became the first country to clone a monkey using non-reproductive cells, reducing the need to breed lab monkeys and paving the way for more accurate, effective, and affordable animal tests for new drugs, scientists said on Thursday.
周二有關(guān)學(xué)者宣布，中國(guó)成為首個(gè)用體細(xì)胞成功克隆猴子的國(guó)家，此舉減少了對(duì)試驗(yàn)猴品種的需求，并且為新藥品動(dòng)物測(cè)試更高效、方便及精確奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
By December, the Institute of Neuroscience of the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques named "Zhong Zhong" and "Hua Hua" by nuclear transferring of somatic cells -- any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.
到去年12月，中科院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所通過(guò)體細(xì)胞核移植，使得“中中”和“華華”的兩只克隆短尾猴誕生。體細(xì)胞是器官里生殖細(xì)胞以外的任何細(xì)胞。這項(xiàng)科學(xué)技術(shù)和1996年用于克隆羊多莉類似。
Tetra, a rhesus monkey born in 1999, is the world’s first ever-cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting, but it could only generate four cloned offspring at a time and cannot be genetically modified to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, an academician at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the director of Institute of Neuroscience, CAS.
中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士、中國(guó)科學(xué)院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所所長(zhǎng)蒲慕明稱，1999年出生的獼猴Tetra是世界上第一只克隆猴，但這是通過(guò)一種更簡(jiǎn)單的叫胚胎分割的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)的，這種方式一次只能產(chǎn)生四個(gè)克隆后代，且無(wú)法進(jìn)行基因改造來(lái)滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)需求。
Cloning a monkey using somatic cells has been a world-class challenge because it is a primate that shares its genetic makeup, therefore all of its complexity, with humans, he said.
他說(shuō)：“由于猴子是靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物與人類的基因相似，其復(fù)雜性也相似，因此采用體細(xì)胞克隆猴子一直是一項(xiàng)世界級(jí)的挑戰(zhàn)。”
For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes, Pu said.
蒲說(shuō)，為了研發(fā)藥物和其他實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試，科學(xué)家們不得不滿世界買(mǎi)猴子，這樣不僅成本高，對(duì)環(huán)境不利，并且由于這些買(mǎi)來(lái)的猴子基因不同，從而使得測(cè)試結(jié)果也不精確。
By cloning monkey using somatic cells, we can mass cultivate large number of genetically identical offspring in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs, he added. "This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine."
他補(bǔ)充道，通過(guò)體細(xì)胞克隆猴子，我們可以在短期內(nèi)大規(guī)模培養(yǎng)出相同基因的后代，并且甚至根據(jù)我們的要求來(lái)改變他們的基因。此舉可節(jié)省時(shí)間，降低試驗(yàn)費(fèi)用，并且可以使結(jié)果更精確，帶來(lái)更高效的藥物。
Sun Qiang, director of the non-human primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.
研究所非人靈長(zhǎng)類目研究部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人孫強(qiáng)表示，目前，大多數(shù)藥物測(cè)試都是通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠完成。然而，作用于老鼠的藥物未必作用人類，或甚至有嚴(yán)重的副作用，因?yàn)閮纱笪锓N差異巨大。
Monkeys and Humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on Monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans, he said. This is especially useful in testing drugs for neural diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, metabolic and immune system disease, and tumor, he added.
他表示，“猴與人都是靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物，所以他們關(guān)系密切，對(duì)猴有效的`測(cè)試應(yīng)該同樣適用于人類�！彼a(bǔ)充說(shuō)道，此舉對(duì)于帕金斯、代謝及免疫系統(tǒng)疾病等神經(jīng)疾病和腫瘤的藥物測(cè)試幫助巨大。
This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science projects related to neural mapping of primate brains, he said. However, bio labs from the United States, Japan, and European countries are also very capable, and they will quickly catch up to China after the monkey cloning technology is made public, Sun added.
“這一成就有助于中國(guó)在關(guān)于靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物大腦的神經(jīng)反射的國(guó)際科學(xué)項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)域占據(jù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位�！睂O補(bǔ)充說(shuō)道，然而，美、日及歐洲國(guó)家生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室能力也很強(qiáng)，在猴克隆技術(shù)公開(kāi)后，這些國(guó)家也會(huì)快速的趕上中國(guó)。
This means we have to innovate continuously and work extra harder this year to stay ahead, he said.
因此孫表示：“這也意味著我們必須不斷創(chuàng)新，在這方面需做出比今年更大的努力來(lái)保持世界領(lǐng)先水平�！�
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