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考研英語有哪些翻譯技巧

時(shí)間:2021-12-05 12:14:54 考研備考 我要投稿

考研英語有哪些翻譯技巧

  考研英語翻譯需要不斷的積累,尤其是要注意把握一些翻譯的技巧和方法。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語實(shí)用的翻譯秘訣,歡迎大家前來閱讀。

考研英語有哪些翻譯技巧

  考研英語實(shí)用的翻譯技巧

  ▶增譯主語

  由于表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同,英文中常有省略主語的現(xiàn)象,在翻譯成漢語時(shí)要把它們譯出來。情況一般有以下幾種:

  以抽象名詞作主語,而中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣則需要把抽象變?yōu)榫唧w;英文中常常會為了避免重復(fù)而多用介詞,中文則不怕重復(fù),一個(gè)詞會用上好幾遍;英語中的復(fù)數(shù)名詞譯為漢語時(shí),常常加入這些、各種、種種等,要視具體語境情況而定。

  He did not give us satisfied answer; this made us angry.

  他并沒有給出我們滿意的答復(fù),這種態(tài)度使得我們非常生氣。

  There are solutions proposed to solve the public problem.

  針對這一公共問題,大家提出了種種解決方案。

  ▶增譯謂語

  同理,需要增譯謂語的情況也時(shí)有出現(xiàn)。英語中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)相同謂語時(shí),常常會省略,以使句子不那么贅余,而中文中則要譯出來,使其表達(dá)更加地道。英文中的介詞短語譯為中文時(shí)往往要增譯動詞,而有些英語中的名詞在譯為中文時(shí)也要加入相應(yīng)的動詞,使其意義更加完整,表達(dá)更加明確。

  We went to Xiamen this week, Shenzhen next week.

  我們這周去廈門,下周去深圳。

  After the party, he has got a very important speech.

  參加完聚會后,他還要發(fā)表一個(gè)重要講話。

  ▶時(shí)間狀語的翻譯

  1、時(shí)間狀語常?梢灾苯臃g,一般譯到主句前。

  He came in while I was watching TV.

  我在看電視的時(shí)候他進(jìn)來了。

  They burst into tears suddenly when they heard the sad news.

  他們聽到這個(gè)悲慘的消息之后突然大哭起來。

  2、有的時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞除了表示時(shí)間以外,還會附帶條件性,所以在翻譯的時(shí)候要譯出條件關(guān)系。

  We can’t take any action until our project is well-prepared.

  只有我們的項(xiàng)目做好充分的準(zhǔn)備,我們才能采取行動。

  ▶原因狀語的翻譯

  1、英語中的狀語位置較為靈活,既可以放在主句前也可置于主句后,而中文表達(dá)常常遵循“前因后果”的順序,所以在翻譯的時(shí)候也要注意調(diào)整語序。

  We have to choose another day for the hiking, since the weather is very good today.

  今天天氣不好,所以我們得另選一天去遠(yuǎn)足了。

  2、但上述情況也不是絕對的,原因狀語也可放在主句后,這樣也對應(yīng)了漢語中的結(jié)構(gòu)“之所以…是因?yàn)?rdquo;。

  Practice is valuable because it is the test of the theory.

  實(shí)踐之所以有價(jià)值,因?yàn)樗菍碚摰臋z驗(yàn)。

  ▶目的狀語的翻譯

  1、總的來說,目的狀語放在主句前翻譯,把說明情況的主句放在后面。

  She closed the door gently and stepped out of the room for fear that she should awake him.

  為了不弄醒他,她悄悄關(guān)上房門,輕輕地溜了出去。

  2、目的狀語也可譯在主句后邊,表示以免、以防、使得、生怕等等。

  He came back after work as quickly as possible, lest his mother should worry about him.

  他下了班就早早回家了,免得他母親擔(dān)心。

  ▶譯成漢語的主動句

  1、一般被動句的主語是無生命的主語,翻譯時(shí)常常要將原文主語譯為漢語中的主語。

  When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place.

  當(dāng)銹形成的時(shí)候,就發(fā)生了化學(xué)變化。

  2、主語賓語顛倒位置

  一般英語中當(dāng)動作主體的詞前加上by時(shí)或由介詞短語構(gòu)成時(shí),那么在譯文中by后邊的動作主體詞或該介詞短語中的名次就要充當(dāng)主語,賓語則是原文中的主語。

  Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.

  這種化學(xué)反應(yīng)能夠釋放出光和熱。

  3、增加主語

  一些被動句在譯為主動句時(shí)要增加一些主語,比如我們、人們、大家等等。

  This issue has not been solved.

  人們還未解決這一問題。

  ▶譯成漢語中的無主句

  漢語無主句較多,也是我們的思維方式和說話表達(dá)習(xí)慣等因素有關(guān)。很多情況下,我們和處于同一背景生長環(huán)境下的人聊天,都不需要說主語,但是對方大多數(shù)情況下,都能理解你的意思。

  Policies have been made to protect our environment.

  已經(jīng)制定了政策來保護(hù)環(huán)境。

  考研英語小作文復(fù)習(xí)的注意事項(xiàng)

  (1)考研英語小作文注意事項(xiàng)之禮貌原則

  所謂的'“禮貌原則”,就是指在小作文中要秉承禮貌的原則,盡量少用直白的、語氣較強(qiáng)的詞,如must,can等;而應(yīng)該多用表示委婉的語氣的詞,如could,should和would等。如,在表達(dá)寫作目的的時(shí)候可以說I would like to know……

  (2)考研英語小作文注意事項(xiàng)之表述差異

  這里主要指中英文在表達(dá)時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)的差異。英文中時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的表達(dá)順序和漢語相反。漢語中在表述地點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,通常是從大到小,先寫大地方,再寫小地方;而英語則是恰恰相反,它是從小到大,即先寫小地方,再寫大地方。在描述時(shí)間的時(shí)候,中文的常見表達(dá)是“年,月,日”;而英文的常見方式是“月,日,年”。這常見于邀請信和通知中。二者的差異較大,小編建議大家千萬不能忽視這些細(xì)節(jié)問題。

  (3)考研英語小作文注意事項(xiàng)之不抄Direction

  此外,另一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)問題就是不能抄寫direction中的句子,這只是出題人用于引導(dǎo)思維,指導(dǎo)寫作的話。但我們在寫作的時(shí)候可用其中的部分詞或者是短語。小編認(rèn)為,一個(gè)較為實(shí)用的方法,是對題目進(jìn)行同義改寫,既能拓展思路,也能豐富語言,得到高分。

  (4)考研英語小作文注意事項(xiàng)之注意書信和通知格式不同

  書信的格式包括稱呼、正文、落款;而通知的格式則是:標(biāo)題、正文和落款。由此,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)很容易把它們的格式弄混淆,二者的區(qū)別在于書信沒有標(biāo)題,通知有標(biāo)題;書信有稱呼,而通知沒有。

  (5)考研英語小作文注意事項(xiàng)之不使用縮寫

  考研英語的作文,不管是大作文還是小作文,從格式上說都屬于正式語域。所謂的正式語域,也就是說語言的風(fēng)格較為正式。既然如此,那作文就應(yīng)該使用書面語言,而非口語。而且,不能單詞不能出現(xiàn)縮寫的形式,因?yàn)檫@不屬于正式語域。

  上面是我們在考研英語小作文的寫作中經(jīng)常容易忽視的一些問題。但,小編認(rèn)為,對于這些問題,我們一定要給與一定的重視,畢竟細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗,況且“千里之堤毀于蟻穴”的事情也不在少數(shù),只有從細(xì)節(jié)上制勝,才能屹立于勝利之巔。

  考研英語?嫉1介賓否定短語盤點(diǎn)

  above [ə'bʌv] prep.超過;在……上面;在……之上

  【例 句】:The text is above me.(無法理解)

  She thinks she is above criticism.(不容批評)

  The child is above all nervousness.(一點(diǎn)也不緊張)

  His conduct has always been above suspicion.(無可懷疑)

  I think a gentleman like him is above doing such a thing.(不屑于)

  Don’t depend on me. It’s above my bend.(力不所及)

  He is above the weather now.(無病的)

  against [ə'ɡɛnst] prep.反對,違反;靠;倚;防備

  【例 句】:Almost everything was against him.(不利于)

  He’s always doing his best, against all odds.(不計(jì)成敗)

  at [æt] prep.在(表示存在或出現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)、場所、位置、空間);以(某種價(jià)格、速度等);向;達(dá);因?yàn)?朝;忙于

  【例 句】:The point is to win at any cost.(不惜一切代價(jià))

  At any rate, we’ve done something for you now.(不管怎樣)

  On the spot he was completely at sea.(不知所措)

  behind [bɪ'haɪnd] prep.落后于;支持;晚于

  【例 句】:The train is running behind time.(不準(zhǔn)時(shí))

  Your ideas are all behind the times.(跟不上時(shí)代)

  between [bɪ'twin] prep.在…之間

  【例 句】:The secret is between ourselves.(不得外傳)

  before [bɪ'fɔr] prep.在……之前,先于

  【例 句】:Before long he realized that he was wrong.(不久)

  I slipped out before the lecture began.(不等講座開始)

  The guerrillas would fight to death before they surrendered.(決不投降)

  beneath [bɪˈniːθ] prep. 在……之下

  【例 句】:Lying is beneath him.(不合他的身份)

  Such a fellow as that is beneath my notice.(不值一理)

  beside [bɪ'saɪd] prep.在旁邊;與……相比;和……無關(guān)

  【例 句】:What you said is quite beside the point.(不關(guān)正題)

  from [frʌm] prep.來自,從;由于;今后

  【例 句】:The child can’t walk, far from running.(更不用談)

  So far from taking my advice, he did just against.(不僅沒有)

  She kept herself from laughing.(使某人不)

  I knew he did it from his teeth.(毫無誠意)

  in [ɪn] prep.按照(表示方式);從事于;在……之內(nèi)

  【例 句】:I don’t know what he intends to do; I’m in the dark about his plans.(不知道)

  The people lifted the big stone in a breeze.(毫不費(fèi)力)

  We all decide to start our journey in all weathers.(風(fēng)雨無阻)

  With the card, you can enter this building in the clear.(不受妨礙)

  Her schemes are usually up in the clouds. (不切實(shí)際)

  This great plan is still in the egg.(尚未成熟)

  At the sight he laughed in spite of himself.(不由自主地)

  The girl wanted to marry the poor man in spite of her parent’ teeth.(不顧)

  off [ɔf] prep.離開;脫落

  【例 句】:Keep off the grass.(不靠近)

  I am right off love stories for some reason.(不感興趣)

  He is off smoking now.(不再吸煙)

  She was off duty yesterday.(不值班)

  You have got what is on the off chance for others.(不會有機(jī)會)

  She felt a bit off color, but she’s much better now.(精神不好)

  The initial phase of the flu is steep, taking health experts off guard.(猝不及防)

  I’m talking off hand, simply speaking my mind.(無準(zhǔn)備)

  The sold company is off his hand now.(不再由某人負(fù)責(zé))

  The failing marriage is over and off her mind.(不再掛念)

  It is a little off time of speaking that in the wedding.(不合時(shí)宜)

  He catches cold and is off work today.(沒上班)

  on [ɑn] prep.向,朝……;關(guān)于;在……之上;在……時(shí)候

  【例句】:What a pity! You’re really down on your luck.(太遺憾了,你的運(yùn)氣真是不佳!)

  Don’t lie to me! I knew you were on the cross about what happened.(別對我說謊,我知道你對所發(fā)生的事情供述不老實(shí)。)

  out [aʊt] prep.向;離去

  【例句】:Out of sight, out of mind.(眼不見,心不煩。)

  The design of the building is quite out of fashion.(這幢建筑的設(shè)計(jì)相當(dāng)不時(shí)髦。)

  The unique book is out of print.(該孤本不再印發(fā))

  The serious old man is quite out of humor.(這個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的老人一點(diǎn)兒也不幽默)

  Don’t wandering on the wrong planet. Rest was now out of the question.(別想入非非了,現(xiàn)在休息是不可能的。)

  To ask $5000 for such a small house like that is out of all reason.(這樣小的一間房子要價(jià)5000美元簡直是無理取鬧!)

  To be honest, I’ve had no exercise for ages;I’m really out of condition.(說實(shí)話,我已經(jīng)有好幾年沒鍛煉過了,我現(xiàn)在健康狀況不好。)

  It’s hard to see how prices could spiral out of control while labour costs remain so subdued.(在勞動力成本保持如此穩(wěn)定的同時(shí),物價(jià)上漲到失去控制的程度幾乎是不可能的。)

  Stars in the bright night are out of count.(晴朗的夜空中星星不計(jì)其數(shù)。)

  The regulations were out of date and confusing.(那些規(guī)定已經(jīng)不合時(shí)宜,而且令人費(fèi)解。

  I know I am out of line sometimes.(我知道我有時(shí)候過分了點(diǎn)兒。)

  Those who arrive on foot, however, are out of luck.(但那些步行而來的顧客就沒這么幸運(yùn)了。)

  Nothing in this peaceful suburb was out of place.(這個(gè)平靜的郊區(qū)沒有什么異常的情況。)

  Freedom of navigation in the South China Sea is out of question.(南海的航行自由也沒有任何問題。)

  It is out of time to give a comment here.(在這兒說這種話有點(diǎn)不合時(shí)宜。)


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