晨讀英語(yǔ)美文《Address by Engels》

　　馬克思主義思想哪怕是現(xiàn)在都一直影響著我們，以下百分網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于馬克思的美文，歡迎閱讀，更多信息請(qǐng)關(guān)注應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生網(wǎng)!

　　Address by Engels

　　"On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the greatest living thinker ceasedto think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we foundhim in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep-but forever.

　　"An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by the militant proletariat of Europe andAmerica, and by historical science, in the death of this man. The gap that has been left by thedeparture of this mighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt.

　　"Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered thelaw of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth ofideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it canpursue politics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediatematerial means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attainedby a given people or during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the stateinstitutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the peopleconcerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained,instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.

　　"But that is not all. Marx also discovered the special law of motion governing the present-daycapitalist mode of production and the bourgeois society that this mode of production hascreated. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solvewhich all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and socialist critics, had beengroping in the dark.

　　"Two such discoveries would be enough for one lifetime. Happy the man to whom it is grantedto make even one such discovery. But in every single field which Marx investigated -- and heinvestigated very many fields, none of them superficially -- in every field, even in that ofmathematics, he made independent discoveries.

　　參考翻譯：

　　3月14日下午兩點(diǎn)三刻，當(dāng)代最偉大的思想家停止思想了。他一個(gè)人留在房間里還不到兩分鐘，等我們?cè)龠M(jìn)去的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)坐在安樂(lè)椅上靜靜地睡去了──永遠(yuǎn)睡去了。

　　這個(gè)人的逝去，對(duì)于戰(zhàn)斗著的歐美無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于歷史科學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，都是不可估量的損失。這位巨人逝去后所形成的空白，在不久的將來(lái)，我們就會(huì)感覺(jué)到。

　　正如達(dá)爾文發(fā)現(xiàn)生物界的發(fā)展規(guī)模一樣，馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)了人類歷史的發(fā)展規(guī)律，即歷來(lái)為各種思想體系所重重掩蓋著的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單事實(shí)：人們首先必須有了衣食住行，然后才能從事政治、科學(xué)、藝術(shù)、宗教等活動(dòng)，所以，直接的物質(zhì)的生產(chǎn)資料的生產(chǎn)，因而一個(gè)民族和一個(gè)時(shí)代的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展階段，便構(gòu)成為基礎(chǔ)，人們的國(guó)家制度、法律規(guī)定、藝術(shù)乃至宗教觀念便是在這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的，因此也就必須從這個(gè)基礎(chǔ)出發(fā)來(lái)加以說(shuō)明，而不是像過(guò)去那樣本末倒置。

　　不僅如此，馬克思還發(fā)現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代資本主義生產(chǎn)方式以及因它所產(chǎn)生的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)社會(huì)的特殊運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律。無(wú)論資產(chǎn)階級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家或社會(huì)主義批評(píng)家過(guò)去所作的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索，而隨著剩余價(jià)值的發(fā)展，這一領(lǐng)域就豁然開(kāi)朗了。

　　一個(gè)人能有這樣兩項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，可以說(shuō)是不虛此生了。甚至只要能做出一項(xiàng)這樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，也已經(jīng)是幸福的了�？墒牵�馬克思在他所研究的每一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，甚至在數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，都有獨(dú)到的發(fā)現(xiàn)。這樣的領(lǐng)域很多，而且對(duì)其中任何一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的研究，都不是膚淺的。

　　核心詞匯：

　　Cease: to stop happening or existing; to stop sthfrom happening or existing (使)停止，終止，結(jié)束

　　Welfare payments cease as soon as an individualstarts a job.

　　一旦就業(yè)，即停發(fā)福利救濟(jì).

　　You never cease to amaze me!

　　你總能讓我感到驚奇!

　　They voted to cease strike action immediately.

　　他們投票決定立即停止罷工.

　　He ordered his men to cease fire(= stop shooting).

　　他命令手下人停止射擊.

　　The company ceased trading in June.

　　這家公司已于六月停業(yè).

　　conceal: to hide sb/sth 隱藏;隱瞞;掩蓋

　　The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster.

　　那些畫(huà)被隱藏在厚厚的灰泥層下面。

　　For a long time his death was concealed from her.

　　他的死瞞了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間都沒(méi)告訴她。

　　Tim could barely conceal his disappointment.

　　蒂姆幾乎掩飾不住自己的失望。

　　She sat down to conceal the fact that she was trembling.

　　她坐下來(lái)以不讓人看出她在發(fā)抖。

　　Subsistence: the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive 勉強(qiáng)維持生活

　　Many families are living below the level of subsistence.

　　許多家庭難以度日。

　　to live at/above/below (the) subsistence level

　　在最低生活水平線上╱以上╱以下

　　They had no visible means of subsistence.

　　他們生計(jì)無(wú)著。

　　subsistence agriculture/farming(= growing enough only to live on, not to sell)

　　收成僅夠自身口糧的生存農(nóng)業(yè)

　　subsistence crops

　　生存作物

　　He worked a 16-hour day for a subsistence wage(= enough money to buy only basicnecessities).

　　他一天工作 16 小時(shí)的工資僅夠活命。

　　Vice versa: used to say that the opposite of what you have just said is also true 反過(guò)來(lái)也一樣;反之亦然

　　You can cruise from Cairo to Aswan or vice versa(= also from Aswan to Cairo).

　　你可以乘船從開(kāi)羅游覽到阿斯旺，也可以從阿斯旺游覽到開(kāi)羅。

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