- 寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文的十個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單原則 推薦度:
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寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文的十個(gè)原則
四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作是同學(xué)們最為之頭疼的,其實(shí)凡事都有學(xué)習(xí)的技巧,只要找到屬于你的學(xué)習(xí)方法,也能給突飛猛進(jìn),下面小編為大家搜索整理了寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文的十個(gè)原則,希望能給大家?guī)?lái)幫助!
1. Express, not impress.
是表達(dá),而不是印象
Good writing is not about the number of words you’ve produced, the quality of the adjectives you’ve written or the size of your font–it’s about the number of lives you’ve touched! It’s whether or not your reader understands you. It’s about expression, not impression.
寫(xiě)得好不好不在于你用了多少詞、你用的形容詞的質(zhì)量或你使用的字體大小——而在于你寫(xiě)的東西感動(dòng)了多少人!寫(xiě)得好不好是看你的讀者是否理解你。它是關(guān)于表達(dá),而不是印象。
2. Simple sentences work best.
簡(jiǎn)單的句子效果最好。
示例:
- The only possible option in order to accelerate the growth of the food industry is to focus on the fact that the target market of this business demands convenience, competence and cost-effectiveness.
-要想加快食品行業(yè)的發(fā)展,最可能的方式是聚焦于目標(biāo)市場(chǎng)對(duì)便利性、管轄權(quán)和成本效益的要求上。
- Better: The food industry can grow faster if food trucks focus on convenience, competence and cost-effectiveness.
-更好的寫(xiě)法:如果食品交易聚焦于便利性、管轄權(quán)和成本效益,那么食品行業(yè)會(huì)發(fā)展得更快。
3. Active, rather than passive.
主動(dòng),而不是被動(dòng)
示例:
The offering price was established by the real estate vendor and the negotiation process was initiated by the real estate buyer.
定價(jià)是由房地產(chǎn)商決定的,協(xié)商過(guò)程是由購(gòu)房者發(fā)起的。
Better: The real estate vendor set the offering price, and the real estate buyer started negotiating.
更好的寫(xiě)法:房地產(chǎn)商定價(jià),購(gòu)房者展開(kāi)協(xié)商。
4. Know who your target audience is.
了解目標(biāo)受眾
Who are you writing for? Who do you expect to read your article, your book, or your blog post? Will they care about what you’re talking about? Will they understand the message that you’re trying to get across? Good writing isn’t generic; it’s specific because it’s targeted towards a group of people with something common binding them.
你為誰(shuí)寫(xiě)作?你期望誰(shuí)來(lái)讀你的文章、你的書(shū)或你的博客?他們關(guān)心你寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容嗎?他們會(huì)理解你想表達(dá)的信息嗎?好的寫(xiě)作不是泛泛的;而是具體的,因?yàn)樗槍?duì)的是一群有共同特征的人。
5. Read it aloud.
大聲朗讀
Reading your works out loud allows you to notice something that you might not have noticed if you were just reading it silently. Go on, read them out loud now. Also, try to listen to your work objectively as you read it. Are you making sense? Or are you simply stringing a couple of words together just to fill a gap?
把你的作品朗讀出來(lái),這會(huì)讓你注意到默讀時(shí)所忽略的內(nèi)容,F(xiàn)在就把它們朗讀出來(lái)吧。另外,當(dāng)你朗讀時(shí),試著客觀地去傾聽(tīng)你的作品。你寫(xiě)的有理嗎?還是只是把幾個(gè)詞湊在一起來(lái)填補(bǔ)空白?
6. Avoid using jargon as much as possible.
盡量避免使用行話。
Not everyone in your audience will know what a “bull market” is. Not everyone knows that “pyrexia” is basically the same thing as “a fever”. And surely you can come up with a better term for high blood pressure than “hypertension”?
不是每個(gè)讀者都知道“牛市”是什么。不是每個(gè)人都知道“pyrexia” (注:發(fā)熱的臨床用語(yǔ))和“fever”基本上是一個(gè)意思。當(dāng)然,你可以造一個(gè)比"hypertension"更好的詞來(lái)表示高血壓。
7. In terms of words, size matters.
詞的長(zhǎng)短也很重要。
Please, don’t strain yourself by browsing the Internet, looking for complicated and fancy-sounding words. Less is always more.
請(qǐng)不要讓自己忙于瀏覽互聯(lián)網(wǎng)來(lái)尋找復(fù)雜及花哨的詞。少即是多。
示例:
- The man gave me a look so sharp that I sincerely believed it could pierce my heart and see my innermost fears.
-那名男子看我的眼神如此的犀利,我真的相信它能刺穿我的心,看清我內(nèi)心的恐懼。
- Better: The man glared at me.
更好的寫(xiě)法:那名男子瞪著我。
8. Being positive is better than being negative–even in writing!
肯定比否定要更好——即使在寫(xiě)作中!
示例:
- I did not think that the unbelievable would not occur.
-我不認(rèn)為令人難以置信的事情不會(huì)發(fā)生。
- Better: I thought the unbelievable would happen.
-更好的寫(xiě)法:我認(rèn)為令人難以置信的事情是會(huì)發(fā)生的。
9. Set aside time for revising and rewriting–after you’ve written the whole content.
留下時(shí)間來(lái)修改和重寫(xiě)——在你寫(xiě)完全部?jī)?nèi)容后。
I’m not suggesting that you should edit each time you’ve finished a paragraph–that would just be tedious. What I’m telling is that you should first give yourself some time to finish the content prior to editing. Write away. Don’t edit yet. Don’t focus on the grammar yet. Don’t worry about the syntax, the synonym, the antonym or the order that you’re using.
我不是建議你每次寫(xiě)完一段話就修改一下——那樣會(huì)很乏味。我建議你在編輯之前,應(yīng)該給自己一些時(shí)間來(lái)完成寫(xiě)作的內(nèi)容。寫(xiě)下來(lái)。先不要編輯。不要注重語(yǔ)法。不要擔(dān)心語(yǔ)法、同義詞、反義詞或你用詞的順序。
Write for yourself, but mostly, write for your target audience. Write the message clearly and don’t be afraid to express your thoughts. Don’t censor yourself yet. Let the words flow. Don’t erase what you’ve written yet.
為你自己寫(xiě)作,但最重要的是,為你的目標(biāo)受眾寫(xiě)作。把內(nèi)容清晰地寫(xiě)下來(lái),不要害怕表達(dá)自己的思想。不要審查自己。讓你的文字流動(dòng)。先不要?jiǎng)h除你所寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。
All the editing and the fixing will come later.
編輯內(nèi)容和調(diào)整內(nèi)容可以稍后進(jìn)行。
10. Write. All the time.
寫(xiě)下來(lái)。每時(shí)每刻。
Good writing is simply always writing. Write when you’re sad. Write when you’re scared. Write when you don’t feel like writing.
好的寫(xiě)作技巧就是一直在寫(xiě)。悲傷時(shí)去寫(xiě),害怕時(shí)去寫(xiě),不想寫(xiě)的時(shí)候還要寫(xiě)。
寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文的原則
一、 長(zhǎng)短句原則
工作還得一張一馳呢,老讓讀者讀長(zhǎng)句,累死人!寫(xiě)一個(gè)短小精辟的句子,相反,卻可以起到畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主題:
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in awayquite similar.
如此可見(jiàn),長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合,抑揚(yáng)頓挫,豈不爽哉?牢記!
強(qiáng)烈建議:在文章第一段(開(kāi)頭)用一長(zhǎng)一短,且先長(zhǎng)后短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思,然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式,定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。
二、 主題句原則
國(guó)有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否則會(huì)給人造成“群龍無(wú)首”之感!相信各位讀過(guò)一些破爛文學(xué),故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi),結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫(xiě)一個(gè)主題句,放在文章的開(kāi)頭(保險(xiǎn)型)或者結(jié)尾,讓讀者一目了然,必會(huì)平安無(wú)事!特別提示:隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared beforetheexam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
三、 一 二 三原則
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn)… 如此羅嗦?僧吘惯是條理清楚?脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^(guò)這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來(lái)判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,條理自然。***方法很簡(jiǎn)單,只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。
1)first, second, third, last(不推薦,原因:俗)
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦,原因:俗)
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦,原因:俗)
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦,原因:俗)
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)
10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況)
建議:不僅僅在寫(xiě)作中注意,平時(shí)說(shuō)話的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚!
四、 短語(yǔ)優(yōu)先原則
寫(xiě)作時(shí),尤其是在考試時(shí),如果使用短語(yǔ),有兩個(gè)好處:其一、用短語(yǔ)會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn),如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單,看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語(yǔ),必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)—精彩的短語(yǔ),那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路,只有湊字?jǐn)?shù),怎么辦?用短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)辦法!比如:I cannot bear it.可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá):I cannot put up with it. I want it.
可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá):I am looking forward to it.這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加,表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。
五、 多實(shí)少虛原則
原因很簡(jiǎn)單,寫(xiě)文章還是應(yīng)該寫(xiě)一些實(shí)際的東西,不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞。
我這里所說(shuō)的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說(shuō)一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候,不應(yīng)該之說(shuō) nice 這樣空洞的詞,應(yīng)該使用一些諸如 generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,hospital 之類(lèi)的形象詞。再比如:
走出房間,general 的詞是:walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):slip out of the room
小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):sail out of the room
小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):dance out of the room
老人走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):stagger out of the room
所以多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞,文章將會(huì)大放異彩!
六、 多變句式原則
1)加法(串聯(lián))
都希望寫(xiě)下很長(zhǎng)的句子,像個(gè)老外似的,可就是怕寫(xiě)錯(cuò),怎么辦,最保險(xiǎn)的寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加 and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說(shuō):
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的,我們可以用一個(gè)超級(jí)句式:
Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.(notonly…butalso…)
其它的短語(yǔ)可以用:besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2)轉(zhuǎn)折(拐彎抹角)
批評(píng)某人缺點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說(shuō)說(shuō)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn),然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題,再說(shuō)缺點(diǎn),這種方式雖然陰險(xiǎn)了點(diǎn),可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢,我們說(shuō)話的時(shí)候,只要在要點(diǎn)之前先來(lái)點(diǎn)廢話,注意二者之間用個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞就夠了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. Thecoatwasthin,but it was warm.
更多的短語(yǔ):despite that, still 仍, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, in spite of 不管, despite不管, notwithstanding .雖然
3)因果(so, so, so)
昨天在街上我看到了一個(gè)女孩,然后我主動(dòng)搭訕,然后我們?nèi)タХ葟d,然后我們認(rèn)識(shí)了,然后我們成為了朋友…可見(jiàn),講故事的時(shí)候我們總要追求先后順序,先什么,后什么,所以然后這個(gè)詞就變得很常見(jiàn)了。其實(shí)這個(gè)詞表示的是先后或因果關(guān)系!
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短語(yǔ):then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4)失衡句(頭重腳輕,或者頭輕腳重)
有些人腦袋大,身體小,或者有些人腦袋小,身體大,雖然我們不希望長(zhǎng)成這個(gè)樣子,可如果真的是這樣了,也就必然會(huì)吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現(xiàn)這樣的句子,就更會(huì)讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句的變形。
舉例:This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.
同樣主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分:When to go, Why he goes away…
5)附加(多此一舉)
如果有了老婆,總會(huì)遇到這樣的情況,當(dāng)你再講某個(gè)人的時(shí)候,她會(huì)插一句說(shuō),我昨天見(jiàn)過(guò)他;或者說(shuō),就是某某某,如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面,那就是定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句或者是插入語(yǔ)。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.
其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,同位語(yǔ)--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個(gè)句子的構(gòu)成;定語(yǔ)從句—借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個(gè)句子插入其中,但是 whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。
6)排比(排山倒海句)
文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過(guò)于此,如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話,那么我希望你引用一個(gè)個(gè)的排比句,一個(gè)個(gè)得對(duì)偶句,一個(gè)個(gè)的不定式,一個(gè)個(gè)地詞,一個(gè)個(gè)的短語(yǔ),如此表達(dá)將會(huì)使文章有排山倒海之勢(shì)!
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas,solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢(shì)恢宏)
要想寫(xiě)出如此氣勢(shì)恢宏的句子非用排比不可!
七、 挑戰(zhàn)極限原則
既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限,必然是比較難的,但是并非不可攀!
原理:在學(xué)生的文章中,很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨(dú)立主格的句子,其實(shí)也很簡(jiǎn)單,只要花上 5 分鐘的時(shí)間看看就可以領(lǐng)會(huì),它就是分詞的一種特殊形式,分詞要求主語(yǔ)一致,而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如:
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.
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