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2015新托�？谡Z各分?jǐn)?shù)段評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
新托�？谡Z考試的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與其它外語類考試的口語部分有本質(zhì)上的區(qū)別。在解決這兩個(gè)問題之后，我們來分析六個(gè)Tasks的每種題及應(yīng)試方法的指導(dǎo)。希望考生在看完本文之后能明白考試方向，并根據(jù)自己的特點(diǎn)去制定口語復(fù)習(xí)策略。
首先、考生在口語考試中所作的回答在ETS中心被稱為Response，就是考生對口語考試的回應(yīng)，或直接說就是考生的答案�？忌诳谡Z考試中的Response經(jīng)過數(shù)字錄音并被發(fā)送到ETS在線評估網(wǎng)絡(luò)。每個(gè)考生的考試錄音都至少有三個(gè)以上的評分老師進(jìn)行評估，而且有的時(shí)候一個(gè)考生的同一個(gè)部分的評估也由兩個(gè)評分教師評估，這樣來保證學(xué)生分?jǐn)?shù)的公正性�？忌姆�?jǐn)?shù)范圍是0-4分，4分為滿分，0分是考試沒做任何回答�？纪曛螅珽TS在線評估要把考生的分?jǐn)?shù)分別從0-4分轉(zhuǎn)換成0-30分，這樣就是大家的托福口語成績。我們會在后面介紹分?jǐn)?shù)是如何被轉(zhuǎn)換的。評估教師主要是在Topic Development, Delivery and Language Use這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行評估。
第一、在考生的學(xué)術(shù)能力方面：有關(guān)考生的Topic Development,評估老師主要的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是考生有沒有很好的處理考試中出現(xiàn)的話題，并評估考生是否具備討論與話題相關(guān)信息的能力。在口語考試的后面四個(gè)Tasks，評估教師還要就考生是否具備對話題的Synthesize和Summarize的能力進(jìn)行評估，就是我們在口語透析(一)中給大家介紹的幾個(gè)方面的能力。Synthesize的主要意思是to form by combining parts of elements，考生要做的是根據(jù)考試中出現(xiàn)的信息，形成自己對事情的看法。Summarize的主要意思是to comprehensively and briefly abstract the topic,考生需要做的是全面，簡短的總結(jié)考試中出現(xiàn)的場景或?qū)W術(shù)lectures中的要點(diǎn)并能最終表述出來。
第二、在考生的語言表達(dá)能力方面：有關(guān)考生的Delivery方面的能力，評估教師主要在考生語言表述能力上的評分�？忌挠⒄Z表述是否清楚、流暢，并且在整個(gè)口語考試過程之中，考生整體上的口語考試部分的表現(xiàn)是否具備整體上的一致性和可理解性。這里邊，需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一致性”指的兩層意思。首先是考生在整體口語考試的過程中，口語整體的上表現(xiàn)水平。其次是考生在語言層面上對話題的闡述具有一致性。也就是考生的口語具備連貫性和邏輯性。有關(guān)Language Use方面，評估教師主要在語言的準(zhǔn)確性方面對考生的Response進(jìn)行評估，如語法及語言使用準(zhǔn)確性方面等等。這三個(gè)方面是評估教師的主要出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
其次，我們來詳細(xì)分析口語考試每個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)段的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
A、四分評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ANSWER TO QUESTION
The student answers the question thoroughly.
COMPREHENSIBILITY
The student can be understood completely.
ORGANIZATION
The student's response is well organized and developed.
FLUENCY
The student's speech is generally fluent.
PRONUNCIATION
The student has generally good pronunciation.
GRAMMAR
The student uses advanced grammatical structures with a high degree of accuracy.
VOCABULARY
The student uses advanced vocabulary with a high degree of accuracy.
從上表，我們能夠得知，口語分別從六個(gè)方面對考生的英文水平進(jìn)行評估。后四個(gè)，流利程度、發(fā)音、語法及詞匯與雅思口語考試評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相當(dāng)。不同的是，新托�？谡Z考試在語法和詞匯的使用上要求更高一些。而發(fā)音和流利程度只要求是generally達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就好(generally=for most parts)。語法和詞匯方面則是high degree of accuracy.大家對詞法和語法方面經(jīng)常出問題的話，這時(shí)要注意了。前三個(gè)，完整回答、可理解及組織語言方面，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)完整回答要求大家全面的闡述話題;學(xué)生自己的說的話應(yīng)該能夠被理解;組織語言方面，考生的Response應(yīng)該組織嚴(yán)密，邏輯性強(qiáng)。這就是四分對各位考生的要求。
B、3分評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
ANSWER TO QUESTION
The student answers the questions adequately but not thoroughly.
COMPREHENSIBILITY
The student can generally be understood.
ORGANIZATION
The student's response is organized basically and is not thoroughly developed.
FLUENCY
The student's speech is generally fluent, with minor problems.
PRONUNCIATION
The student has generally good pronunciation, with minor problems.
GRAMMAR
The student uses either accurate easier grammatical structures or more advanced grammatical structures with some errors.
VOCABULARY
The student uses either accurate easier vocabulary or more advanced vocabulary with some errors.
從上表中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)3分的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)降低了很多。大家注意副詞及轉(zhuǎn)折詞的使用，如adequately but…。在發(fā)音和流利程度方面，3分允許大家出現(xiàn)失誤。在語法和詞匯方面，已經(jīng)允許考生使用簡單語法及單詞，而且可以出現(xiàn)一些失誤。相對于國內(nèi)能拿到大學(xué)英語四、六級的學(xué)生，3分一般都是可以拿到的。
C、2及1分評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
2分
ANSWER TO QUESTION
The student discusses information from the task but does not answer the question directly.
COMPREHENSIBILITY
The student is not always intelligible.
ORGANIZATION
The student's response is not clearly organized and is incomplete or contains some inaccurate points.
FLUENCY
The student's speech is not very fluent and has a number of problems.
PRONUNCIATION
The student's pronunciation is not very clear, with a number of problems.
GRAMMAR
The student has a number of errors in grammar or uses only very basic grammar fairly accurately.
VOCABULARY
The student has a number of errors in vocabulary or uses only very basic vocabulary fairly accurately.
1分
ANSWER TO QUESTION
The student's response is only slightly related to the topic.
COMPREHENSIBILITY
The student is only occasionally intelligible.
ORGANIZATION
The student's response is not clearly organized and is only minimally on the topic.
FLUENCY
The student has problems with fluency that make-the response difficult to understand.
PRONUNCIATION
The student has problems with pronunciation that make the response difficult to understand.
GRAMMAR
The student has numerous errors in grammar that interfere with meaning.
VOCABULARY
The student has numerous errors in vocabulary that interfere with meaning.
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)2分及1分的平分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)比較底了。所以一般考生參加過培訓(xùn)都可以應(yīng)對2分及1分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
總體上來看，新托付口語考試只有4分比較難取得，而1-3分都可以在培訓(xùn)后取得不錯(cuò)的分?jǐn)?shù)。
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