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全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試PETS五閱讀真題
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們很多時(shí)候都不得不用到試題，試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。還在為找參考試題而苦惱嗎？下面是小編收集整理的全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試PETS五閱讀真題，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試PETS五閱讀真題 1
SECTION IIIReading Comprehension
( 50 minutes)
Part A
Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Englands binge-drinking habit is one of the most entrenched in Europe --even Roman invad- ers wrote about it with horror. Many feared that the habit would worsen after the relaxation of licen- sing hours last November. Doctors, academics and newspapers were joined in opposition by the po- lice and judges, who warned that the reforms were "close to lunacy". The government disagreed and abolished a restrictive regime first imposed during the First World War by David Lloyd George, the prime minister, who wanted to prevent munitions workers from getting too drunk.
While ministers never denied that Britons had an unhealthy attitude to liquor, they argued that much of the crime and disorder that blighted city streets at night was caused by hordes of drunkards rolling out of pubs and clubs at the same time and fighting for the same taxi home. They cited the wartime experience in Australia, where an early closing time had led to a phenomenon dubbed the"six oclocks swill", in which people drank themselves silly against the clock. The hope was that, once hours were relaxed, Britons would adopt more civilised, continental habits, sipping delicately at glasses of Chablis rather than downing ten pints. Were the optimists or the pessimists right?
Since the law was changed, around two-thirds of licensed premises have extended their open- ing times, most by an hour or so. (Fewer than 1 percent were granted a 24-hour licence. ) That smoothed the ]lp. m. and 2 a. m. chuck-out peaks and filled in some of the troughs. Local authori- ties in several large, lively cities, including Birmingham, Nottingham and Manchester, report that the streets are no more disorderly than before. One popular drinkers street in Birmingham has seen a dramatic drop in crime (although that may also be because businesses, fearing the worst, paid for street wardens). In London, most strikingly, there has not been a single month since the drinking laws were relaxed when more violent crimes were recorded than in the same month a year earlier. That is also true in Westminster, where many of the capitals pubs and clubs are clustered. Overall levels of violence in the borough have fallen by 12 percent in the ten months since November 2005, compared with the same period a year before.
The police remain cautious about such positive signs, saying it is still too early to tell what effect liberalisation will have on crime. They point out that local forces have diverted time and money to police late-night drinking, and have been given extra cash by the government. That will run out on Christmas Eve, at which point things may become trickier.
In the meantime, pessimists are marshalling new, more ambitious arguments. Martin Plant of the University of the West of England maintains that freer drinking can lead to long-term problems that are not immediately apparent. Icelands capital, Reykjavik, softened drinking laws seven years ago. While policing became easier, more drunkards pitched up at hospital and drink-driving rates soared.
51. The following statements are true EXCEPT that
A. the English indulgence in alcohol even horrified Roman invaders.
B. the police and judges were in favor of the relaxation of licensing hours.
C. the government did away with a law regulating drinking hours last year.
D. World War I first saw the implementation of the law regulating drinking hours.
52. Why did the government want to reform the drinking-hour restrictions?
A. To follow the example of Australia.
B. To change Britons attitude to alcohol.
C. To reduce the amount of alcohol consumed.
D. To reduce crime rates caused by drinking.53. What happens now in big cities?
A.Hordes of drunkards flood out of pubs at llp. m. and 2a.m.
B. More licenses are granted to pubs and clubs.
C. There are fewer criminal offences related to drinking.
D. Things are different in London from other big cities.
54. The police hold the view that
A. the changes are due to more police efforts rather than the reform.
B. extension of drinking hours has produced a negative outcome.
C. the government obscures the truth by providing extra money.
D. the success of the reform can only be guaranteed with more government input.
55. Those who do not see a good prospect of the drinking reform
A. are trying to find more effective solutions.
B. are convinced that the reform will lead to more violent crimes.
C. believe that there should be adequate medical service for the drunkards.
D. believe that softened drinking laws may produce negative long-term effects.
Text 2
The best estimate of humanitys ecological footprint suggests that it now exceeds the Earths re- generative capacity by around 20 percent. This fact is mentioned early on in the latest book from Lester R. Brown. The subtitle of Plan B 2.0 makes the bold claim of rescuing a planet under stress and a civilization in trouble. So will Browns Plan B work?
The green movement divides broadly into two camps technological optimists and social revolu- tionaries. For every person like Brown proposing new ways to produce protein, there is an indige- nous movement in a developing country struggling for land redistribution. Another divide is be- tween those who see the biggest environmental problem as population pressure in the developing South, and those who say it isconsumption patterns in the rich North. When push comes to shove, Brown qualifies as a technological optimist who is worried about population. The giveaway is his eulogy to green techno-fixes, coupled with the fear of fast-growing developing countries copying Western consumer lifestyles.
His optimism, though, appears forced as he rolls out a depressing litany of statistics describing species extinction, water shortage, economic upheaval resulting from the eventual decline of oil production and, of course, climate change. And his rescue plans? Shoehorned into Browns book is a section headed "Eradicating poverty, stabilizing population". This relies heavily on the orthodox approach to human development that seeks to use aid to plug the income gap for poor countries. Enumerating the costs of attaining the United Nations Millennium Development Goals on health,education and poverty reduction, Brown conveys a sense that a few new fiscal measures, combined with the goodwill of rich countries, will deliver. This is an approach that has been followed for the last three decades, and it has not worked. During the 1990s, the share of benefits from global eco- nomic growth reaching those living on less than a dollar a day fell by 73 percent, in spite of count- less p——omises to end poverty. This is the problem with Plan B 2.0.
Browns picture of climate-change-induced chaos is terrifying and convincing. It includes the awful image of the worlds poorest people competing for food with an ever-hungrier bio-fuels indus- try, whose job will be to keep the developed worlds SUVs on the road as oil becomes ever more expensive and then runs out. The combination of industrial inertia and the influence of industry on lobbyists is making this vision increasingly plausible. The poor get a bad deal because the world is run by the economic equivalent of gunboat diplomacy, as the recent World Tracie Organization talks showed.
Technologically optimistic visions often have too much faith that change will flow from a ration- al discussion about sensible policies, while tiptoeing around the real problems of power and politics. Even with Browns Plan B to tell us which renewable energy technologies to use and which resilient food crops to grow, we are going to need a way to deal with economic vested interests and the demo- cratic deficit in global financial institutions that excludes the poor. For that, we need Plan C.
56. What is the issue that Brown tries to address in his newly published book?
[ A]The words population has increased by 20 percent.
B. Human activities have gone beyond what the earth is able to sustain.
C. Human beings have developed in a certain ecological pattern.
D. The green movement has failed to produce needed environmental changes.57. Brown believes that the spread of consumerism to less developed countries has
A. led to land shortage and redistribution.
B. narrowed down the difference in lifestyle.
C. contributed to environmental deterioration.
D. increased high-protein food consumption.
58. Talking about Browns dismal picture of environmental degradation, the author thinks that
A. his optimism does not seem to be well-grounded.
B. too many depressing statistics were listed in his book.
C. his description of the environmental problems lacks a focus.
D. he is trying to force his optimism on the readers.
59. The phrase "gunboat diplomacy" ( line 6, para. 4) means
A. to deal with industrial relations in the automobile sector by way of lobbying. B. to threaten to use force to make a smaller country agree to your demand.
C. to negotiate within the WTO framework in dealing with bilateral relations. A. Because new sensible policies may bring about positive changes.
B. Because the gap between the rich and poor should be narrowed.
C. Because new technologies and crops can be introduced under this plan.
D. Because the core problems of international politics should be addressed first.
Text 3
The average person sees tens of thousands of images a day--images on television, in news- papers and magazines, and on the sides of buses. Images also grace soda cans and T-shirts, and In- ternet search engines can instantly procure images for any word you type. On Flickr. com, a photo- sharing Web site, you can type in a word such as "love" and find photos of couples in embrace or parents hugging their children. Type in "terror", and among the results is a photograph of the World Trade Center towers burning. "Remember when this was a shocking image?" asks the per- son who posted the picture.
The question is not merely rhetorical. It points to something important about images in our cul- ture: they have become less magical and less shocking. Until the development of mass reproduc- tion, images carried more power and evoked more fear.
Today, anyone with a digital camera and a PC can produce and alter an image. As a result, the power of the image has been diluted in one sense, but strengthened in another. It has been dilu- ted by the ubiquity of images and the many populist technologies ( like inexpensive cameras and picture-editing software) that give,almost everyone the power to create, distort, and transmit ima- ges. But it has been strengthened by the gradual surrender of the printed word to pictures. Text ce- ded to image might be likened to an articulate person being rendered mute, forced to communicate via gesture and expression rather than language.
We love images and the democratizing power of technologies that give us the capability to make and manipulate images. What we are less eager to consider are the broader cultural effects of a society devoted to the image. Historians and anthropologists have explored the story of mankinds movement from an oral-based culture to a written culture, and later to a printed one. But in the past several decades we have begun to move from a culture based on the printed word to one based largely on images.
In making images rather than texts our guide, are we opening up new vistas for understanding and expression, creating a new form of communication that is "better than print," as some scholars have argued? Or are we merely making a peculiar and unwelcome return to forms of communica- tion once ascendant in preliterate societies?
Two things in particular are at stake in our contemporary confrontation with an image-based culture. First, technology has considerably undermined our ability to trust what we see, yet we have not adequately grappled with the effects of this on our notions of truth. Second, if we are in- deed moving from the era of the printed word to an era dominated by the image, what impact will this have on. culture? Will we become too easily accustomed to verisimilar rather than true things, preferring appearance to reality and in the process rejecting the demands of discipline and patience that true things often require of us if we are to understand their meaning and describe it with preci- sion?
61. The first paragraph of the text tells us that
A. we are exposed to a multitude of images every day.
B. consumer goods with images look more graceful.
C. the Internet can instantly present images of anything we want to buy.
D. Internet search engines give us undesired and shocking images.
62.With the development of mass reproduction, images
A. have become le,ss important in popular culture.
B. are not as impressive as they were to viewers.
C. will be more magical and shocking in the future.
D. will become more and more thought-provoking.
63. The power of the image has been strengthened in the sense that
A. populist technologies enable almost everybody to manipulate images.
B. images have gradually won popularity among common people.
C. images are forcing us to communicate via gestures rather than language.
D. with populist technologies, texts might give way to pictures gradually.
64. What does "forms of communication once ascendant in preliterate societies" (line 4,para. 5) refer to?
A.Images.
B. Written words.
C. Printed images.
D. Texts.
65. From the text, it can be inferred that the author
A. agrees that images offer a better form of communication than the print.
B. does not share the opinion that an image-based culture is less advanced.
C. shows deep concern about the impact of images on culture.
D.prefers the image era to that of the printed word.
SECTl0N IIIReading Comprehension
PartA
Text l
在歐洲，英格蘭的豪飲是最根深蒂固的習(xí)俗，甚至羅馬侵略者都戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢的對(duì)其進(jìn)行了描述。隨著去年十一月放寬時(shí)間禁令后，許多人擔(dān)心這種情況會(huì)進(jìn)一步惡化。醫(yī)生、學(xué)者、報(bào)紙和警察、法官一道對(duì)放寬禁令表示反對(duì)。警察和法官們警告說，這種改革類似于“精神失�！薄�(duì)此，政府并不贊同。政府廢除了一戰(zhàn)期間由大衛(wèi)·勞德·喬治率先實(shí)行的限制性飲酒政策。喬治是當(dāng)時(shí)的首相，實(shí)行這一政策是為了避免工人喝得爛醉。
然而部長(zhǎng)們從未否認(rèn)過英國(guó)人對(duì)白酒有一種不健康的心態(tài)。他們認(rèn)為，夜間，發(fā)生城市街道上的許多犯罪和騷亂都是由酒鬼所引起的。他們往往同時(shí)走出酒吧和俱樂部，相互之間爭(zhēng)奪回家的出租車。但部長(zhǎng)們?cè)税拇罄麃喌膽?zhàn)時(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)：較早的打烊時(shí)間導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象被戲稱為“六點(diǎn)鐘豪飲”，即在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)人們爭(zhēng)分奪秒的喝酒。有人希望，放寬時(shí)間禁令后，英國(guó)人將會(huì)更文明，更紳士般的飲酒，即悠閑的喝著夏布利斯，而不是狂飲十品脫。樂觀主義者或是悲觀主義者，哪一種人觀點(diǎn)是正確的呢?
由于法律的修改，約三分之二的持證經(jīng)營(yíng)場(chǎng)所已經(jīng)將營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)了約一小時(shí)左右。(不到l%的店家被允許可以24小時(shí)經(jīng)營(yíng)。)這樣就避免了晚上ll點(diǎn)和凌晨2點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的高峰人群，也填補(bǔ)了一些低峰時(shí)段。在幾個(gè)大的，熱鬧的城市，包括伯明翰，諾丁漢和曼徹斯特，地方當(dāng)局報(bào)告說，街道秩序沒有比以前更亂。在伯明翰，一個(gè)飲酒者經(jīng)常出沒的街頭已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了犯罪率的急劇下降(盡管這也可能是因?yàn)橛捎趽?dān)心最壞的情況而聘用了街道督導(dǎo)員)。在倫敦，最讓人注意的是，飲酒政策放寬后，沒有任何一個(gè)月出現(xiàn)過比上年同期更多的暴力犯罪記錄。在威斯敏斯特，情況也是這樣。當(dāng)?shù)鼐奂S多首都的酒吧和俱樂部。與去年同期相比，自治市鎮(zhèn)的整體暴力水平自2005年11月起已經(jīng)十個(gè)月連續(xù)下降12%。
對(duì)于這些積極的跡象，警方仍持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。他們認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在談?wù)撜叻艑拰?duì)犯罪的影響，仍然為時(shí)尚早。他們指出，地方警力投入了時(shí)間和財(cái)力治理深夜飲酒，政府也給予了額外的現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼。但是在圣誕節(jié)前夕這一時(shí)間段上，政府補(bǔ)貼就已基本用完，那時(shí)情況可能會(huì)變得更復(fù)雜。與此同時(shí)，悲觀主義者也提出了新的、更志在必得的證據(jù)。西英格蘭大學(xué)的馬丁工廠認(rèn)為更加自由的飲酒可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些不會(huì)立即顯現(xiàn)的長(zhǎng)期問題。冰島首都雷克雅未克，七年前放寬了飲酒限制。雖然治安監(jiān)管變得容易了，但更多的酒鬼住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院，而且酒后駕駛率也在迅速飆升。
答案及精析
51.B【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“下面那一句說法是不正確的?”。由文章第一段第一句“…even Roman invaders wrote about it withhorror.”可知：對(duì)于英格蘭的豪飲，羅馬侵略者也戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地進(jìn)行’了描述，這與A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。由第一段第三句“…by the policeand judges。who warned that the reforms were‘close to lunacy”’可知：警察和法官認(rèn)為這種改革幾乎是“精神失�！保@與B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容不符。由第一段第二句“the relaxation of licensing hours last N0—vember”可知C項(xiàng)正確;由第一段最后一句“…a restrictive regimefirst imposed during the First World War by David Lloyd George，’’可知D項(xiàng)正確。故選B。
52.D【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“政府為什么要改革限制飲酒時(shí)間的政策?”。由文章第二段第一、二句“…they argued that much of thecrime and disorder that blighted city streets at night was caused byhordes of drunkards roiling out of pubs and clubs at the salne timeand fighting for the salTle taxi home.They cited the wartime experi—ence in Australia…”可知：政府改革限制飲酒時(shí)間的政策的目的是為了降低由飲酒引起的犯罪，這與D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選D。
53.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“如今，大城市的狀況如何?”。由文章第三段第三、四句“Local authorities in several large，lively cit—ies，…report that the streets are no mofe disorderly than before…h(huán)asseen a dramatic drop in crime”可知：飲酒時(shí)間政策改革后，各地犯罪率呈下降趨勢(shì)，這與C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。再有第三段第五句“InLondon，...there has not been a single month since the drinking lawswere relaxed…”可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選C。
54.A【精析】推斷題。題目問的是“警方的觀點(diǎn)是什么?”。由文章第四段第二句“They point out that local forces have diverted time andmoney to police late—night drinking，and have been given extra cashby the government.”可知：當(dāng)?shù)鼐酵度霑r(shí)間和財(cái)力用于治理深夜飲酒問題，這與A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。由第四段第一句“The policeremain cautious about such positive signs…”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。此外，文章沒有提及c項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)的“only”使該選項(xiàng)的表意過于絕對(duì)。故選A。
55.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“那些對(duì)改革不樂觀的人們認(rèn)為�！�。由文章最后一段第二句話“…that freer drinking Calllead todong—term problems that are not immediately apparent.”可知對(duì)改革不樂觀的人們認(rèn)為此項(xiàng)改革會(huì)引發(fā)長(zhǎng)期問題，并以冰島首都雷克雅未克為例進(jìn)行論證，這與D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選D。
Text 2
參考譯文
關(guān)于人類對(duì)生態(tài)的影響，最佳的估計(jì)表明：它已經(jīng)超過了地球的再生能力的20%左右。這是早前由萊斯特·R·布朗在其新書中提出的。B2.0計(jì)劃的副標(biāo)題大聲疾呼：拯救巨大壓力下的地球和麻煩不斷的人類文明。布朗的B計(jì)劃會(huì)有效果嗎?
綠色運(yùn)動(dòng)大致分為兩個(gè)陣營(yíng)：技術(shù)樂觀主義者和社會(huì)革命主義者。像布朗這樣的每個(gè)人都提出新的方法來生產(chǎn)蛋白質(zhì)。在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，人們通過土地運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)土地的再分配。另一個(gè)分歧在于一些人意識(shí)到發(fā)展中的南方地區(qū)的人口壓力是最大的環(huán)境問題，而另一些人說那是富裕的北方地區(qū)的消費(fèi)模式。情況越來越糟，作為一個(gè)技術(shù)樂觀主義者，布朗很擔(dān)心人口問題。加之擔(dān)憂快速增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家會(huì)照搬西方消費(fèi)者的生活方式，上述觀點(diǎn)就成了他為綠色修復(fù)技術(shù)所寫的悼詞。
他對(duì)物種滅絕，水資源短缺，石油生產(chǎn)的最終衰落所引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩進(jìn)行描述，當(dāng)然，也包括氣候變化。他使用了一連串令人沮喪的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。由此可見，他的樂觀，不過是勉強(qiáng)為之。他的拯救計(jì)劃?作為布朗作品的一節(jié)，標(biāo)題定為“消除貧困，穩(wěn)定人口”。這在很大程度土依賴于傳統(tǒng)的人類發(fā)展的方法：利用援助來彌補(bǔ)貧窮國(guó)家的收入差距。細(xì)數(shù)為實(shí)現(xiàn)健康、教育和減少貧困的聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)的成本，布朗傳達(dá)了這樣一種感覺：一些新的財(cái)政措施，加上富裕國(guó)家的善意，這些費(fèi)用不成問題。在過去三十年中，這是一直沿用的，但一直沒有奏效的方法。20世紀(jì)90年代，盡管人們做出無數(shù)的承諾來解決貧困，但是那些生活費(fèi)一天不足一美元的群體在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中的收益比例卻下降了73%。這就是B 2.0計(jì)劃的癥結(jié)所在。
布朗所描述的由氣候變化引起的混亂狀態(tài)是可怕的，也是有說服力的。它展現(xiàn)了世界上最貧窮的.人們與生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)之間不斷的爭(zhēng)奪食物。石油越來越責(zé)，也即將耗盡，所以生物燃料產(chǎn)業(yè)的任務(wù)是確保發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的越野車能在道路上疾馳。工業(yè)惰性和行業(yè)游說的影響力結(jié)合在一起，使這一場(chǎng)景變得更加可信。近期，世界“TRACIE”組織的會(huì)談顯示：炮艦外交的經(jīng)濟(jì)等價(jià)物主宰世界的運(yùn)行，所以窮人在協(xié)議中仍處于劣勢(shì)。
對(duì)技術(shù)上的樂觀使我們往往擁有太多的信心，認(rèn)為理性的討論政策可以帶來改變，卻在權(quán)力和政治這些實(shí)際問題上徘徊觀望。即使布朗的 B計(jì)劃能夠告訴我們哪些可再生能源技術(shù)可以使用，哪些糧食作物適宜種植，我們也需要另一種方式來處理好既得的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和全球金融機(jī)構(gòu)的赤字問題。全球金融機(jī)構(gòu)往往排斥窮人。為此.我們需要C計(jì)劃。
答案及精析
56.B【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“布朗試圖在其新書中說明什么問題?”。由文章第一段第一句“The best estimate of humanity’s eco—logical footprint suggests that it nOW exceeds the Earth’s regenerativecapacity by around 20 percent.”可知：關(guān)于人類對(duì)生態(tài)的影響，最佳的估計(jì)表明：它已經(jīng)超過了地球的再生能力的20%左右，這與B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選B。
57.C【精析】推理題。題目問的是“布朗認(rèn)為消費(fèi)主義觀念如果傳人欠發(fā)達(dá)中國(guó)家會(huì)導(dǎo)致什么?”。由文章第二段的最后一句“The giveaway ishis eulogy to green techn0—fixes.coupled witll the fear of fast—growingdeveloping countries copying Western consumer lifestyles.”可知：加之擔(dān)憂快速增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家照搬西方的消費(fèi)者的生活方式，上述觀點(diǎn)就成了他為綠色修復(fù)技術(shù)所寫的悼詞。由此可見，布朗認(rèn)為消費(fèi)主義觀念傳入欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家會(huì)導(dǎo)致綠色修復(fù)技術(shù)遭到破壞。故選C。
58.A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“在談到布朗對(duì)于環(huán)境惡化的可怕描述時(shí)，作者認(rèn)為什么?”。由文章第三段第一句“His optimism，though.appears forced as he rolls out…”可知：他對(duì)物種滅絕，水資源短缺，石油生產(chǎn)的最終衰落所引發(fā)的經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩進(jìn)行描述，當(dāng)然，也包括氣候變化。他使用了一連串令人沮喪的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。由此可見，他的樂觀，不過是勉強(qiáng)為之。故選A。
59.B【精析】詞義題。題目問的是“短語‘gunboat diplomacy’是什么意思?”�！癵unboat”意思是“炮艦”，從第四段的最后一句話“Thepoor get a bad deal because the world is lun by the economic equiva-lent of gunboat diplomacy，…”分析得知，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在與不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易中往往采取以武力相威脅而從中獲利。故選B。
60.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問的是“為什么作者說‘我們需要C計(jì)劃’?”。由文章最后一段的第一句話“Technologically optimisticvisions often have too much faith that change will flow from a ra—tional discussion about sensible policies，while tiptoeing around thereal problems of power and politics.”可知：對(duì)技術(shù)上的樂觀使我們往往擁有太多的信心，認(rèn)為理性的討論政策可以帶來改變，卻在權(quán)力和政治這些實(shí)際問題上徘徊觀望。故選D。
Text 3
參考譯文
一般來說，每人每天都能看到成千上萬張圖片——電視上的圖片，報(bào)紙和雜志上的圖片，巴士?jī)蓚?cè)的圖片。圖片還出現(xiàn)在汽水罐和T恤上。無論輸入什么樣的文字，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的搜索引擎可以立即找到很多圖片。在Flickr.eom上——一個(gè)照片共享網(wǎng)站，你可以一個(gè)輸入字，如“愛”，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)很多情侶擁抱或父母擁抱孩子的照片。如果輸入“恐怖”，搜索的圖片就有一張是世界貿(mào)易中心大樓的大火。貼圖的人還問：“還記得這張令人震驚的畫面是什么時(shí)候嗎?”
這個(gè)問題不只是虛夸的言辭。它指出了我們文化形象的一些重要問題：它們已經(jīng)變得不那么神奇，不那么觸目驚心。在可以大量復(fù)制之前，圖像常帶有更多的說服力，更多的恐懼情緒。
如今，任何人都可以通過數(shù)碼相機(jī)和個(gè)人電腦來制作和修改圖片。因此，圖片的力量在某種意義上已經(jīng)被分解了，而在另一種意義上它又被加強(qiáng)了。它被分解的原因是圖片和許多民粹主義技術(shù)(如廉價(jià)相機(jī)和圖片編輯軟件)的普遍性。這使得幾乎每個(gè)人都可以制造、修改和傳送圖片。而它被加強(qiáng)的原因是印刷文字逐漸讓步于圖片。文字讓步于圖像就像把一個(gè)善于言表的人變成啞巴，使之只得通過手勢(shì)和表情，而不是語言進(jìn)行溝通。
我們熱愛圖像和技術(shù)的民主化力量。技術(shù)讓我們能夠制作和處理圖像。我們忽視的是對(duì)圖片的專注往往給社會(huì)帶來更廣泛的文化影響。歷史學(xué)家和人類學(xué)家已經(jīng)探索了從基于口語到基于書面語，再到基于印刷文字的文化轉(zhuǎn)變。但在過去幾十牟里，我們已經(jīng)開始從基于印刷文字的文化轉(zhuǎn)變成一個(gè)主要基于圖像的文化。
這樣圖像而不是文字成為我們的向?qū)�。我們是不是正在開創(chuàng)理解與表達(dá)的新局面?是不是正在創(chuàng)造一種新的，一些學(xué)者認(rèn)為“比打印更好”的交流形式?或者我們只是做了一個(gè)特殊的，不受歡迎的回歸，回婦到了文明社會(huì)前的交流形式?
在與基于圖像的當(dāng)代文化的對(duì)抗中，我們有兩件事尤其受到威脅：首先，技術(shù)已經(jīng)大大削弱了我們對(duì)視野的信任，然而我們對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)所帶來的真理觀念的改變沒有進(jìn)行足夠的抗衡。其次，如果我們確實(shí)是從印刷文字的時(shí)代，轉(zhuǎn)變到了圖像為主的時(shí)代，那么會(huì)給文化帶來什么樣的影響呢?我們會(huì)不會(huì)變得非常習(xí)慣于逼真的圖片而不是實(shí)物;會(huì)不會(huì)偏愛現(xiàn)實(shí)的外觀，并在這個(gè)過程中拋棄理解和精確描繪實(shí)物所必需的紀(jì)律和耐心?
答案及精析
61.A【精析】主旨題。題目問的是“文章的第一段告訴我們什么?”：由文章第一句“The average person sees tens of thousands of imagesa day…”可知：一般來說，每人每天都能看到成千上萬張圖片，這與A項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選A。
62.B【精析】推理題。題目問的是“隨著大量加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展，圖像變得怎么樣?”。由文章第三段的第二句“As a result，the power ofthe image has been diluted in one sense….”可知：因此，圖片的力量在某種意義上已經(jīng)被分解了。從而分析得知圖像不再像以前那樣對(duì)我們有震撼力了，這與B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選B。
63.D【精析】推理題。題目問的是“圖片的力量在某種程度上被強(qiáng)化，是因?yàn)椤�。由文章第三段的第四句“But it has beenstrengthened by the gradual surrender of the printed word to pic-tures.”可知：而它被加強(qiáng)是因?yàn)橛∷⑽淖种饾u讓步于圖片，從中我們可以推斷出將來圖片會(huì)逐步取代文字，這與D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選D。
64.A【精析】推理題。題目問的是“文明前社會(huì)的交流形式是指什么?”。由文章第五段第二句“0r are we merely making a peculiarand unwelcome rem/11 to forms of communication once ascendant in
preliterate societies?”可知：或者我們只是做了一個(gè)特殊的，不受歡迎的回歸，回歸到了文明前社會(huì)的交流形式?這里的文明前社會(huì)的交流形式指的就是圖片。故選A。
65.C【精析】推理題。題目問的是“從文中可推論出作者”。由文章倒數(shù)第二句話“Second，if we are indeed moving from theera of the printed word to an era dominated by the image，what im—pact will this have on culture?”可知：其次，如果我們確實(shí)是從印刷文字的時(shí)代，轉(zhuǎn)變到了圖像為主的時(shí)代，那么會(huì)給文化帶來什么樣的影響呢?從中可推斷出作者對(duì)于圖片對(duì)于文化的影響而感到擔(dān)心，這與C項(xiàng)內(nèi)容相符。故選c。
全國(guó)英語等級(jí)考試PETS五閱讀真題 2
Would you believe that the firstoutstanding deaf teacher in America was Laurent Clerc，a Frenchman? At 12，he 36 the Royal Institutionfor the Deaf in Pads where he became a top student.After 37 ，the school asked him to stay on as a 38. Meanwhile.an American named Thomas Gallaudet wasstudying to be a minister(牧師)39 he met a young girl whowas deaf.He was disappointed to learn that there weren0 40 for the deaf in America.41 ,in 1815 Gallaudet sailedto London to 42 information on deaf education.However.he was 43 to get help and becamefrustrated(灰心的).Fortunately he meta French educator wh0 44 him to go to Pads to spend three months 45 atthe school where Clerc was working.The school askedClerc to teach 46 sign language.As aresult，the two men 47 each other. When the time came for Gallaudet t0 48 America，he asked Clerc to come with him.The twomen 49 in June l816.The voyage 50 the Atlantic(大西洋)tookdays.They put the time to productive use， 51 for the new school for the deaf 52 they wanted to open.Such a school was 53 thefollowing year in Connecticut. At the school，Clerc led a busy life.Although he wanted to return to France，he 54 did.He died onJuly l8，1869，still in America.France’s 55 was America’s gain !
(1)36__________
A. entered
B. visited
C. heardof
D. setup
(2)37__________
A. work
B. preparation
C. graduation
D. explanation
(3)38__________
A. headmaster
B. teacher
C. graduatestudent
D. clinicassistant
(4)39__________
A. after
B. unless
C. because
D. when
(5)40__________
A. schools
B. hospitals
C. libraries
D. organizations
(6)41__________
A. Therefore
B. However
C. Besides
D. Meanwhile
(7)42__________
A. offer
B. share
C. test
D. seek
(8)43__________
A. eager
B. afraid
C. unable
D. willing
(9)44__________
A. joined
B. invited
C. ordered
D. permitted
(10)45__________
A. learning
B. monitoring
C. practicing
D. reviewing
(11)46__________
A. theeducator
B. Laurent
C. theparent
D. Gallaudet
(12)47__________
A. respected
B. taught
C. met
D. expected
(13)48__________
A. leave
B. tour
C. moveto
D. returnto
(14)49__________
A. setout
B. gotback
C. settleddown
D. workedout
(15)50__________
A. to
B. across
C. from
D. over
(16)51__________
A. learninglanguages
B. designinggames
C. meetingstudents
D. makingplans
(17)52__________
A. whom
B. which
C. what
D. where
(18)53__________
A. discovered
B. bought
C. planned
D. founded
(19)54__________
A. often
B. sometimes
C. seldom
D. never
(20)55__________
A. fault
B. loss
C. gift
D. decision
(1) :A
參考譯文
你相信在美國(guó)第一個(gè)杰出的聾啞老師是一個(gè)法國(guó)人嗎?他的名字是羅倫·克拉克。十二歲時(shí)羅倫進(jìn)入了巴黎皇家聾啞學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)，成績(jī)非常突出。畢業(yè)后，學(xué)校請(qǐng)他留校成為一名教師。
與此同時(shí)，正在美國(guó)為成為一名牧師而學(xué)習(xí)的托馬斯·加勞德特遇到了一個(gè)年輕的聾啞女孩。他失望地發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)居然沒有為聾啞人開辦的學(xué)校。因此，在1815年，加勞德特乘船前往倫敦，探求教聾啞人學(xué)習(xí)的方法。然而，加勞德特并沒有獲得任何幫助，為此他感到十分灰心。幸運(yùn)的是，他遇到了一位法國(guó)教育家，這位法國(guó)教育家邀請(qǐng)加勞德特到巴黎的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)三個(gè)月，而這所學(xué)校正是克拉克任教的地方。學(xué)校安排克拉克教加勞德特手語。結(jié)果，這兩個(gè)人認(rèn)識(shí)了彼此。
在加勞德特即將返回美國(guó)的時(shí)候，他邀請(qǐng)克拉克和他一起去美國(guó)。1816年6月，兩個(gè)人一起出發(fā)，歷經(jīng)52天的航程，橫跨大西洋來到了美國(guó)。他們充分利用在船上的時(shí)間為他們想要開辦的聾啞學(xué)校做計(jì)劃。他們的愿望轉(zhuǎn)年在美國(guó)康涅狄格州變?yōu)榱爽F(xiàn)實(shí)。
在學(xué)校的日子克拉克十分忙碌。盡管他想要回到法國(guó)。但他始終沒能如愿。1869年7月18日克拉克在美國(guó)去世。法國(guó)的損失卻是美國(guó)珍貴的財(cái)富本題考查的是動(dòng)詞的`用法。enter意為“進(jìn)入”，visit意為“拜訪”，hear of意為“聽說”，set up意為“創(chuàng)建”。根據(jù)上下文的意思，羅倫進(jìn)入學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)并且成績(jī)十分優(yōu)秀。故A正確。
(2) :C本題考查的是名詞的用法。work意為“工作”，preparation意為“準(zhǔn)備”，graduation意為“畢業(yè)”，explanation意為“解釋”。上文提到羅倫求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，因此可以推斷此句是講他畢業(yè)之后的事情。故C正確。
(3) :B本題考查的是對(duì)上下文的理解。上文提到羅倫求學(xué)的經(jīng)歷，那么他被邀請(qǐng)留在學(xué)校只能是做教師。故B正確。
(4) :D本題考查連接副詞的意義辨析。after意為“在…之后”，unless意為“除非”，because意為“因?yàn)椤保瑆hen意為“當(dāng)…時(shí)”。主句使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，說明加勞德特學(xué)習(xí)成為一名牧師和他遇到一個(gè)聾啞女孩這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故D正確。
(5) :A本題考查對(duì)全文的理解。通讀全文可知，文章介紹的是美國(guó)第一個(gè)聾啞學(xué)校的建立和第一位聾啞學(xué)生教師的事跡，故A正確。
(6) :A本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。美國(guó)沒有一所聾啞學(xué)校是加勞德特赴倫敦尋求幫助的原因，因此應(yīng)該選擇表示因果關(guān)系的連詞。therefore意為“因此”，however意為“然而，可是”，besides意為“并且”，meanwhile意為“與此同時(shí)”，故A正確。
(7) :D本題考查動(dòng)詞的詞義辨析。0ffer意為“提供”，share意為“分享”，test意為“測(cè)試”，seek意為“尋求”。上文提到因?yàn)槊绹?guó)沒有一所聾啞學(xué)校，因此加勞德特去倫敦是要尋求相關(guān)信息，故D正確。
(8) :C本題考查對(duì)連詞however用法的掌握。however意為“然而，可是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明加勞德特沒能獲得幫助，故C正確。
(9) :B本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義的辨析。join意為“加入”，invite意為“邀請(qǐng)”，order意為“命令”，permit意為“允許”。上文提到加勞德特在倫敦一無所獲，因而可以推知那位法國(guó)教育家邀請(qǐng)加勞德特到法國(guó)尋求幫助，故B正確。
(10) :A本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。learn意為“學(xué)習(xí)”，monitor意為“監(jiān)測(cè)”，practice意為“練習(xí)”，review意為“復(fù)習(xí);檢查”。根據(jù)上下文可知加勞德特獲邀到法國(guó)的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，故A正確。
(11) :D本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。上文提到加勞德特獲邀到克拉克任教的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，因此可推斷出克拉克教授手語的對(duì)象正是加勞德特，故D正確。
(12) :C本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。上文提到加勞德特來到克拉克任教的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)，下文提到他們共赴美國(guó)，由此可知他們?cè)趯W(xué)校的時(shí)候相識(shí)。故C正確。
(13) :D本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。上文提到加勞德特是美國(guó)人，獲邀在法國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)三個(gè)月，因此可推斷出此處表示他要返回美國(guó)了。故D正確。
(14) :A本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組的意義。set out有“出發(fā)”的意思，get back意為“拿回;奪回”，settledown意為“定居;安定下來”，work out意為“想出;弄懂”。上文提到加勞德特邀請(qǐng)克拉克去美國(guó)，因此這里是說兩人一起出發(fā)，故A正確。
(15) :B本題考查介詞的用法。to表示方向，across意為“橫跨”，from表示來源，over作介詞意為“在…上方”。根據(jù)題意，從倫敦回到美國(guó)要橫跨大西洋，故B正確。
(16) :D本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。由上文可知，加勞德特和克拉克兩人在去往美國(guó)的途中充分利用了時(shí)間，可以推斷兩人是在為即將在美國(guó)開辦的聾啞學(xué)校做計(jì)劃，故D正確。
(17) :B本題考查關(guān)系詞的選擇。關(guān)系詞在句中引導(dǎo)定語從旬，修飾the new school for the deaf，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作0pen的賓語，故B正確。
(18) :D本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，buy意為“購(gòu)買”，plan意為“計(jì)劃”，found意為“建立”。上文已經(jīng)提到加勞德特和克拉克計(jì)劃開辦聾啞學(xué)校，因此此處是指學(xué)校最終建立，故D正確。
(19) :D本題考查對(duì)上下文的理解。上文中連詞although意為“盡管…”，表明兩個(gè)分句間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此可以推斷克拉克想要回到法國(guó)卻沒能如愿，并且根據(jù)下文克拉克在美國(guó)去世，可知他從未回到法國(guó)。故D正確。
(20) :B本題考查名詞的使用。克拉克的去世對(duì)法國(guó)是一個(gè)損失。故B正確。
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