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2016年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力講座模擬
新改革的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試中，聽(tīng)力和閱讀部分依然占據(jù)很高的分?jǐn)?shù)比例，六級(jí)聽(tīng)力出現(xiàn)了兩篇講座(lecture)的考查，以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力講座模擬，供大家備考。
Now listen to the following recording andanswer questions 16 to 19.
16
A.New laws made it possible to buy farmland.
B.The government increased its agricultural imports.
C.Economic depressions lowered the prices of farm production.
D.Machine power could be used in the production and harvesting.
17
A.Drawing water from mines.
B.Improving product quality.
C.Transporting goods faster.
D.Reducing the air pollution.
18
A.It had many sheep farm there.
B.It had well established railway system.
C.It had many factories producing textiles.
D.It was the center of England.
19
A.Creating better working conditions.
B.Guaranteeing workers gain higher wages.
C.Giving workers rights and freedoms.
D.Protecting the safety of children.
Johnson: Hello, class. Last week we invited Mrs. Leehere to talk about the United States being a meltingpot. Today, Mrs. Lee will continue talking somethingabout this. Welcome, Mrs. Lee.
Mrs. Lee: Thank you. We know the United States is a melting pot, where all the differentimmigrants mix together to create something new. Well, everything has exceptions, includingour melting pot. Inside the Mississippi River Valley, there is a large area that is part melting potand part garden salad. In Louisiana, or more specifically, New Orleans, there have been a fewmajor cultural influences that are different from the rest of the United States. (16) Unlike therest of the United States, which was colonized by England and Spain, New Orleans was mainly aFrench settlement. It also was a unique slave culture.
While the rest of the U.S. was a melting pot, mixing all its parts to create something new, NewOrleans became a garden salad. (17) Right now you may be asking yourself, "What does shemean by garden salad?" A garden salad has many parts that are combined to make a newflavor. Each piece retains its original identity, but combined they make something new, andhopefully better. This contrasts to the melting pot because in a melting pot, all pieces lose theiridentity to form something new.
So in New Orleans, we have a French beginning, with French culture, food, language andlifestyle. Added in over the centuries is a bit of a Spanish influence, when Spain controlled theterritory for about 50 years after the French and Indian War. (18) After that is the Americanand English influence after President Jefferson bought the territory from France. And lastly isan influx of Latino culture from Mexico and the Caribbean.
The result now is that New Orleans has a distinct culture apart from the United States. Becauseof their French ancestry, they have different expressions, such as they say "I'm makinggroceries," instead of our "I am grocery shopping." Again, this is because the French influence.In French, the direct translation is "to make groceries," not "to buy or go shopping."
16. What's the difference between New Orleans and the rest of the U.S.?
17. What do we know about a garden salad according to Mrs. Lee?
18. What is said about the culture in New Orleans?
同學(xué)們，大家好。上周我們請(qǐng)來(lái)了李老師為我們講解美國(guó)作為文化大熔爐的話題。今天李老師將繼續(xù)上一次的講解，歡迎李老師。
謝謝。我們都知道美國(guó)是一個(gè)大熔爐，來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的移民聚集到一起形成了一個(gè)新的民族。凡是皆有例外，包括我們的這個(gè)“大熔爐”。在密西西比河谷內(nèi)的一大片區(qū)域既像熔爐又像田園沙拉。在路易斯安那州，或者更精確些說(shuō)是新奧爾良，有著一些與美國(guó)其他地區(qū)不同的主要文化因素。新奧爾良和美國(guó)的其他地方不同，它曾經(jīng)主要是法國(guó)的殖民地，而且有著獨(dú)特的奴隸制文化。
而美國(guó)其他地方曾是英國(guó)和西班牙的殖民地。因此美國(guó)其他地區(qū)成了一個(gè)熔爐，融合出新，而新奧爾良則像是一道田園沙拉�，F(xiàn)在你可能暗自發(fā)問(wèn)：“她說(shuō)的田園沙拉是什么意思?”田園沙拉有很多部分組成，共同形成一種新奇的風(fēng)味。每一部分保留其原來(lái)的特性，但是合在一起他們創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)新的整體，比簡(jiǎn)單集合更好的整體。它與熔爐不同是因?yàn)槿蹱t當(dāng)中的每一部分在形成新事物的過(guò)程中丟失了自己的特性。
所以，奧爾良的源頭是法國(guó)，有著法國(guó)的文化、飲食習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言和生活方式。在以后幾個(gè)世紀(jì)發(fā)展中，它受到了西班牙的影響。法國(guó)印第安人戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后的五十年里，西班牙控制了這片土地。之后，杰斐遜總統(tǒng)從法國(guó)將這片土地購(gòu)買(mǎi)之后它則開(kāi)始受到英美文化的影響。而最近又有墨西哥和加勒比文化的注入。
因此，現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果就是，新奧爾良有著獨(dú)立于美國(guó)的獨(dú)特的文化特征。由于他們的祖先是法國(guó)人，他們的語(yǔ)言也很不相同。比如他們說(shuō)“做雜貨”而不是“買(mǎi)雜貨”。這也是受法語(yǔ)的影響。在法語(yǔ)中“去雜貨店買(mǎi)東西”的直接翻譯是“做雜貨”不是“買(mǎi)雜貨”。
16.新奧爾良和美國(guó)其他地區(qū)的不同之處是什么?
17.根據(jù)李老師講解，你對(duì)田園色拉了解了什么?
18.關(guān)于新奧爾良的文化文章中說(shuō)到了什么?
參考答案：
【小題16】D
【小題17】A
【小題18】C
【小題19】C
16
A.New laws made it possible to buy farmland.
B.The government increased its agricultural imports.
C.Economic depressions lowered the prices of farm production.
D.Machine power could be used in the production and harvesting.
17
A.Drawing water from mines.
B.Improving product quality.
C.Transporting goods faster.
D.Reducing the air pollution.
18
A.It had many sheep farm there.
B.It had well established railway system.
C.It had many factories producing textiles.
D.It was the center of England.
19
A.Creating better working conditions.
B.Guaranteeing workers gain higher wages.
C.Giving workers rights and freedoms.
D.Protecting the safety of children.
Today, class, I am going to speak to you about theIndustrial Revolution. The term "industrialrevolution" refers to the technological, social,economic, and cultural changes that occurred inEngland in the late eighteenth century. This changeeventually spread around the world, creating many big cities. (16) Before the IndustrialRevolution, the production and harvesting of products was completed through manual labor.The Industrial Revolution replaced this manpower with machine power.
One of the first, and perhaps most important, developments of the Industrial Revolution wasthe steam engine. This advance in transportation allowed for the faster delivery ofmanufactured goods. However, the steam engine wasn't only used for transportation butinstead for the construction of machine engines that made faster production possible. Forexample, before the Industrial Revolution, most tasks were done by either wind or water poweror by the strength of man or horse. But, in 1698, a man by the name of Thomas Saveryconstructed the first steam-powered engine in London. (17) Thomas Savery, an engineer andinventor, patented a machine that could effectively draw water from flooded mines using steampressure.
The development of the steam engine caused a host of other changes technologically, socially,and economically within British culture. Steam engine technology led to the development offactories, where products were turned out in the hundreds or even thousands. The factoryindustry eventually gave rise to what we now know as the modem city. (18) Manchester, forexample, due to its cotton mills, became known as Cottonopolis because there were so manyfactories producing textiles. However, these early cities were not as clean or well kept as theones we are familiar with today. Along with the growth of industry came the increase ofsometimes hard or dirty living conditions. Children were forced to work long hours in factoriesuntil the Factory Act of 1833 came into effect, which stated that children under nine were notallowed to work and children over nine were not to work at night or for more than twelve-hourshifts. (19) Trade unions were also born out of the Industrial Revolution, giving workers rightsand freedoms that they had not had in the past.
Before the Industrial Revolution, working conditions for British workers was not favorable.Men, women, and children worked long hours for little money. The poor conditions of theworking class caused many educated British historians and authors to write manifestosexpressing great sorrow for the working class. And even those that were not British, such asFriedrich Engels, a German political philosopher, used England as a model for change when hewrote The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844. Within this text, Engels spoke ofthe Industrial Revolution and how it was to change the whole fabric of society.
16. What changes did the Industrial Revolution bring about in agriculture?
17. What was the first steam-powered engine used for?
18. Why was Manchester also called Cottonopolis?
19. What was the function of trade unions in Britain at that time?
同學(xué)們，今天我要講的是工業(yè)革命。“工業(yè)革命”這個(gè)詞指的是18世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)在英國(guó)的科技、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化等領(lǐng)域的變革。這一變革最終蔓延到了世界各地，催生了很多大城市。工業(yè)革命前，生產(chǎn)和收獲完全是通過(guò)人力勞動(dòng)完成的，而工業(yè)革命用機(jī)械動(dòng)力取代了人力。
工業(yè)革命中第一批，或許也是最重要的發(fā)明之一是蒸汽機(jī)。在交通運(yùn)輸上的這一進(jìn)步使得生產(chǎn)出來(lái)的產(chǎn)品更快被送往各地。然而，蒸汽機(jī)并沒(méi)有只應(yīng)用到了運(yùn)輸業(yè)，它也被用到了在機(jī)器引擎制造中，從而加速了生產(chǎn)。比如，工業(yè)革命以前，大部分工作由風(fēng)能、水能、人力或馬匹完成。但是，1698年，托馬斯·薩弗里制造出了倫敦第一個(gè)蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。托馬斯·薩弗里是一位工程師和發(fā)明家。他把這個(gè)可以利用蒸汽壓力高效率地從水井中抽水的機(jī)器注冊(cè)了專(zhuān)利。
蒸汽引擎的發(fā)明給英國(guó)文化的各個(gè)方面，包括科技、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)，帶來(lái)了很多其他的變化。蒸汽引擎技術(shù)導(dǎo)致了工廠的產(chǎn)生，工廠是批量生產(chǎn)商品的地方。而工業(yè)最終導(dǎo)致了我們現(xiàn)在所說(shuō)的現(xiàn)代城市的產(chǎn)生。曼徹斯特棉花廠林立，是眾多紡織廠的所在地，故被稱(chēng)為“棉都”。然而，這些城市早期并不像現(xiàn)在我們所熟悉的它們一樣清潔而有秩序。隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了生存環(huán)境的惡化。直到1833年《工廠法》生效以前，兒童被迫在工廠中長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作。《工廠法》規(guī)定9歲以下兒童不允許在工廠中工作;9歲以上兒童不允許上夜班或輪班超過(guò)12個(gè)小時(shí)。工會(huì)也在工業(yè)革命期間誕生，給予了工人以往不曾有過(guò)的權(quán)利和自由。
工業(yè)革命以前，英國(guó)工人工作環(huán)境惡劣。男性、女性以及兒童長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，報(bào)酬卻很少。工人階級(jí)所處的惡劣環(huán)境讓英國(guó)受過(guò)高等教育的歷史學(xué)家和作家們不禁寫(xiě)文章抒發(fā)他們對(duì)工人階層的無(wú)比憐憫之情。甚至一些非英國(guó)人士，例如德國(guó)政治哲學(xué)家，弗里德里希·恩格斯在1844年創(chuàng)作《英國(guó)工人階級(jí)狀況》一書(shū)時(shí)將英國(guó)作為變革的模板。在書(shū)中，恩格斯闡述了工業(yè)革命以及它將如何改變整個(gè)社會(huì)。
16.工業(yè)革命給農(nóng)業(yè)帶來(lái)了什么變化?
17.第一臺(tái)蒸汽發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的用途是什么?
18.曼徹斯特為什么被稱(chēng)為“棉都”?
19.工業(yè)革命時(shí)期英國(guó)工會(huì)的職能是什么?
參考答案：
【小題16】D
【小題17】A
【小題18】C
【小題19】C
習(xí)題解析：
【小題16】講座開(kāi)頭講到了工業(yè)革命指的是出現(xiàn)在英國(guó) 18 世紀(jì)末的技術(shù)、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化上的變革，其中特別提到 Before the Industrial Revolution, the production and harvesting of products wascompleted through manual labor. The Industrial Revolution replaced this manpower withmachine power.由此可知，工業(yè)革命前，生產(chǎn)和收獲完全是通過(guò)人力完成的，而工業(yè)革命用機(jī)械動(dòng)力取代了人力。故選項(xiàng) D 正確。其他選項(xiàng)講座中未提及，均排除。
【小題17】講座中提到 1698 年，托馬斯·塞維利發(fā)明了蒸汽動(dòng)力引擎，之后對(duì)托馬斯·基維利本人和他的發(fā)明做了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，提到 Thomas Savery, an engineer and inventor, patented a machine that couldeffectively draw water from flooded mines using steam pressure.由此可知，托馬斯·塞維利利用蒸汽壓力發(fā)明了一個(gè)機(jī)器用來(lái)抽取礦井水，所以第一臺(tái)蒸汽動(dòng)力的引擎是用來(lái)抽井水的，故選項(xiàng) A 為答案。
【小題18】講座中明確提到 Manchester, for example, due to its cotton mills, became known asCottonopolis because there were so many factories producing textiles.由此可知，曼徹斯特棉花廠林立，是眾多紡織廠的所在地，故被稱(chēng)為“棉都”。故選項(xiàng) C 為答案。其他選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在講座中并未提及，均排除。
【小題19】講座中明確提到 Trade unions were also born out of the Industrial Revolution, givingworkers rights and freedoms that they had not had in the past.由此可知誕生于工業(yè)革命時(shí)期的工會(huì)能夠給予工人以往不曾有過(guò)的權(quán)利和自由，故選 C 為答案。
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