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大學(xué)英語四級聽力考試套題練習及原文解析
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Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.
C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.
12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.
C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.
13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images.
C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.
14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.
B) He can provide little useful information.
C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.
D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.
15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.
C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.
16. A) She must have paid a lot B) She is known to have a terrific figure.
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results.
D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.
17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics.
B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor.
C) Physics is an important course at school.
D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.
18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a day course.
C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.
20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.
C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.
21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.
22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class.
C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser.
C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.
24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative.
C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.
25. A) It is something inevitable. B) It is frustrating sometimes.
C) It takes patience to manage. D) It can be a good thing.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.
C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.
27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.
C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.
28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. A) Whether they should take the child home.
B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were.
C) Who should take care of the child at home.
D) When the child would completely recover.
30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.
B) She makes them write down all her instructions.
C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.
D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.
31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors.
C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpe
Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.
C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.
33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.
34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.
B) Improve their working conditions.
C) Encourage them to compete with each other.
D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
B) They concern a small number of people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分試題在答題卡2上。
In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) ______ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process.
Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) ______ cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a (40) ______ for your study of the humanities.
As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______ of, a piece of music, art, or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures or sounds in the reader’s mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) ________.
Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46) _________.
答案：
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
Section A
試題詳解
11. A) Get some small change. A)換取零錢。
B) Find a shopping center. B)找一個購物中心。
C) Cash a check at a bank. C)在銀行兌現(xiàn)支票。
D) Find a parking meter. D) 找一個停車計費器。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】選項均缺少主語，屬于細節(jié)題加轉(zhuǎn)折題型，預(yù)讀時無需關(guān)注句意，直接找相似場景即可，并且按照聽力短對話規(guī)律，重點仍然在女士話語當中，典型的“轉(zhuǎn)折”出答案題型。
【正確項分析】由but后的money changer可知男生需要換零錢，可快速排除選項B (購物中心)和選項D (停車) 二個場景，答案應(yīng)在選項A、C當中。C選項雖也和“錢”有關(guān)，但對話中對該選項中的銀行只字未提，由此可知答案為選項A。
【原文及譯文】
M: Excuse me. Do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.
W: I’m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street.
Q: What is the man trying to do?
男士：打擾一下，你能給我換開一張10美元的鈔票嗎?我需要支付停車費。
女士：很抱歉，但我覺得你可以到馬路對面的購物中心里的貨幣兌換中換取零錢。
問題：男士要干什么?
【詞匯點撥】parking meter 停車計費器;cash a check 支票兌現(xiàn);change n. 零錢
12. A) Shopping with his son. A) 與兒子一起購物。
B) Buying a gift for a child. B) 給孩子買禮物。
C) Promoting a new product. C) 促銷新產(chǎn)品。
D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. D) 與女售貨員討價還價。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，可發(fā)現(xiàn)均缺少主語，與11題一樣，屬于細節(jié)題加建議題型，直接尋找相似場景即可，可快速排除選項C，因為只有C選項是關(guān)于“出售”(促銷)，而其它選項都和“購買”有關(guān);答案應(yīng)在選項A、B、D中。
【正確項分析】女士話語仍具有絕對指導(dǎo)意義，非常簡單的建議考點，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toy train和brand，加上男生說的school boy，可確定答案為選項B。
【干擾項分析】A選項中的son是無中生有，切忌主觀猜測。選項D可在聽時排除，原文中并無任何涉及關(guān)于“還價”或具體金額的內(nèi)容。
【原文及譯文】
M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?
W: I’d suggest this toy train, sir. It’s an excellent brand. Very popular all over the world these days.
Q: What is the man doing?
男士：你能給我推薦一個七八歲學(xué)童真正喜歡的東西嗎?
女士：我給你推薦這款玩具火車。這是一個優(yōu)秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受歡迎。
問題：男士正在做什么?
【詞匯點撥】recommend v. 推薦;brand n. 品牌;promote v. 促銷;bargain v. 討價還價
13. A) Taking photographs. A) 拍照。
B) Enhancing images. B) 突顯形象。
C) Mending cameras. C) 修理相機。
D) Painting pictures. D) 畫畫。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】選項仍均缺少主語，屬于細節(jié)考查題。選項D與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士發(fā)出，需仔細聆聽，原文提到taking pictures(拍照)，由此確定話題方向。
【正確項分析】女士說話中提到taking pictures，與選項A中的taking photographs一致，答案為A選項。
【原文及譯文】
W: Do you let people know when you’re taking pictures of them?
M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
女士：你給人們拍照時，會讓他們知道嗎?
男士：盡量不讓他們知道。你也知道一個人為拍照擺出的姿勢看起來呆滯、不自然。
問題：講話人在談?wù)撌裁?
【詞匯點撥】pose v. 擺姿勢 n. 姿勢，姿態(tài);enhance v. 提高，加強;image n. 圖像，形象
14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young. A) 他年輕的時候搬到巴爾的摩。
B) He can provide little useful information. B) 他提供不了太多有用信息。
C) He will show the woman around Baltimore. C) 他將領(lǐng)女士參觀巴爾的摩。
D) He will ask someone else to help the woman. D) 他將找其他人來幫助女士。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】此題考查意義解釋題加轉(zhuǎn)折題型，此類題型答案多為“聽見什么不選什么”。 本題需要對考生有一定的實力要求，屬于可“失分”的題目。關(guān)注動詞 move to，provide，show around和ask。
【正確項分析】經(jīng)典轉(zhuǎn)折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生說自己當時還很年輕，言下之意自己對當?shù)厍闆r不夠了解。答案為B選項。
【干擾項分析】根據(jù)四級聽力中短對話“尾詞錯誤原則”，即結(jié)尾內(nèi)容聽得越清楚越不能選，可順利排除A選項。選項C沒有提及。選項D與選項B為相似項，其中應(yīng)有答案，男士并未主動提出找人幫忙，故排除選項D。
【原文及譯文】
W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I’m told you lived there.
M: Oh, but I was really young at the time
Q: What does the man mean?
女士：我需要找個非常了解巴爾的摩的人。我聽說你曾在那里居住過。
男士：哦，但是我那時候太年輕了。
問題：男士是什么意思?
【詞匯點撥】show around 領(lǐng)……參觀
15. A) He is rather disappointed. A) 他非常失望。
B) He is highly ambitious. B) 他很有抱負。
C) He can’t face up to the situation. C) 他不能面對處境。
D) He knows his own limitation. D) 他知道自己的不足。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)讀四個選項時只有B提到了“正面、積極”的方向，可初步排除。選項預(yù)讀較難，但本題屬于經(jīng)典轉(zhuǎn)折題型，關(guān)注相應(yīng)標志詞即可。but出現(xiàn)表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可選出正確選項。
【正確項分析】原文是“承擔責任前需要積累更多經(jīng)驗”，表明他知道自己的不足之處，與選項D同義。
【干擾項分析】A選項中是rather，與原文的a little 不一致，可排除。C選項原文中未曾提及。
【原文及譯文】
W: Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion?
M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I’m ready for that kind of responsibility.
Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?
女士：你沒有被提升，不覺得失望嗎?
男士：可能有一點，但我覺得承擔責任前需要積累更多經(jīng)驗。
問題：從此對話可以得知男士的什么信息?
【詞匯點撥】disappointed a. 失望的;ambitious a. 有雄心的;promotion n. 晉升;responsibility n. 責任
16. A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. A) 她一定在健身房花了很多錢。
B) She is known to have a terrific figure. B) 她以身材好而聞名。
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. C) 她的健身鍛煉取得了很好的效果。
D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy. D) 她努力健身的做法值得稱贊。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)讀四個選項，可知選項A與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。選項B、C都是關(guān)于鍛煉效果極佳的表達，按照慣例其中應(yīng)該有答案。本題為意義解釋題，同義替換是答案。
【正確項分析】男士提到y(tǒng)our effort has paid off，這與選項C中的has yielded good results一致，故選擇C項。
【干擾項分析】男士贊揚女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此聞名，B選項可排除。男士也未稱贊她的作法，故排除選項D。
【原文及譯文】
W: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.
Q: What does the man imply about the woman?
女士：我從一月份一直在健身房鍛煉。我之前都有些走形了。
男士：現(xiàn)在你看起來很棒�？磥砟愕呐]有白費。
問題：男士暗示女士什么?
【詞匯點撥】gym n. 健身房;yield v. 產(chǎn)生;keep fit 保持體型;work out 體育鍛煉;out of shape 走形，走樣;pay off 得到好結(jié)果
17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics. A) 女學(xué)生不適合學(xué)習物理。
B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor. B) 他可以擔當女士的家庭教師。
C) Physics is an important course at school. C) 在學(xué)校，物理是一門很重要的學(xué)科。
D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive. D) 教授的建議是有建設(shè)性的。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題選項預(yù)讀最難，找不出明顯的相反或相似選項，聽前可暫時確定兩組方向。選項A、C與物理有關(guān)，選項B、D是導(dǎo)師的建議，待場景明確后再排除。
【正確項分析】首句用到suggest接著說到tutor場景明確，和選項B、D有關(guān)，排除選項A、C。首句Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics，可知答案為選項D。
【原文及譯文】
W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.
M: Well, that might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course.
Q: What does the man mean?
女士：克拉克教授建議我得為高等物理找個家庭教師。
男士：嗯，那可能有幫助。高等物理確實是一門比較難的科目。
問題：男士的意思是什么?
【詞匯點撥】tutor n. 家庭教師;constructive a. 有益的，建設(shè)性的
18. A) Indifferent. A) 漠不關(guān)心的。
B) Doubtful. B) 懷疑的。
C) Pleased. C) 高興的。
D) Surprised. D) 驚奇的。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)讀時可排除唯一的“積極”選項C。本題為加了“弦外之音” 意義解釋題，同義替換是答案，此類題有較少的明顯的語言點可以指示答案，難度較大。聽音時關(guān)注說話者的語氣。
【正確項分析】女士所謂的好消息是談話的兩個人都沒有被炒魷魚。男士卻既不興奮，也沒有表示懷疑，所以輕易排除選項B、C。因為他已經(jīng)有點厭倦這份工作了，甚至想到要去辭職。與選項A意義相符。
【原文及譯文】
W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won’t be laid off after all.
M: Oh, I’m somewhat tired of working here. I’ve been wondering whether I should resign. Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.
Q: How does the man feel about the news?
女士：比爾，知道最新消息嗎?好像我倆都沒有被炒魷魚。
男士：哦，我在這兒工作有些厭煩了，我一直在考慮我是否應(yīng)該辭職。無論如何，這個消息對你來說是個好事。
問題：男士對新聞是怎么看的?
【詞匯點撥】indifferent a. 漠不關(guān)心的;doubtful a. 持懷疑態(tài)度的;lay off 解雇;resign v.辭職;be tired of … 對……厭倦
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. A) 他更喜歡晚上的小班課程。
B) He has signed up for a day course. B) 他已經(jīng)報名參加白天課程。
C) He has to work during the day. C) 他白天上班。
D) He finds the evening course cheaper. D) 他發(fā)現(xiàn)晚上課程更便宜。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，選項A、D討論evening class，選項B講述day course，立刻可推測此長對話與課程有關(guān)，且該課程有day class和evening class之分。從這四個選項暗含的意義推測，男士應(yīng)偏重于evening class，可初步推測，此題考查男士選擇evening class的原因。
【正確項分析】原文中男士明確說明it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day，關(guān)鍵詞在于since，正所謂“因果必考”，選項C與原文相符。
20. A) Learn a computer language. A) 學(xué)習一門計算機語言。
B) Learn data processing. B) 學(xué)習數(shù)據(jù)處理。
C) Buy some computer software. C) 買一些電腦軟件。
D) Buy a few course books. D) 買一些課本。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】行為動作考查題，根據(jù)19題推測，本對話涉及報班，由本題四個選項可知，所報課程與電腦有關(guān)，因為前三項均與computer有關(guān)�？芍x項D與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。本題也為一細節(jié)題，在聽力過程中，應(yīng)適時記錄相關(guān)信息。
【正確項分析】女士先提到了Have you taken any courses in data processing，在其后緊跟著又對其進行了解釋data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming。對于data processing在對話中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，且與問題相符，故選擇B選項。
21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. A) 周四晚，7點至9點45分。
B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve. B) 從9月1號至新年前夕。
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. C) 每周一，持續(xù)12周。
D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total. D) 一星期三小時，總共45小時。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】由選項即可知本題考查數(shù)字的細節(jié)題，且考查的數(shù)字為持續(xù)的時間，初步推測為某一課程所持續(xù)的時間。所以如在聽力過程中涉及數(shù)字都要作筆記，且應(yīng)注意數(shù)字的上下文場景。
【正確項分析】對該問題的回答，信息較分散，最初提到了every Monday, from 7 to 9:45。接下來在let me see停頓之后出現(xiàn)答案12 weeks，from September 1 to Christmas eve. 整合以上信息，應(yīng)選C。
【干擾項分析】選項A錯在Thursday evening，原文中明確給出應(yīng)該是Monday evening。選項B中的New Year’s eve也是偷梁換柱，應(yīng)為Christmas eve。選項D涉及小計算，每晚3小時，持續(xù)12周，應(yīng)大約總共36小時才正確。
22. A) What to bring for registration. A) 登記時需要帶什么。
B) Where to attend the class. B) 到哪里去上課。
C) How he can get to Frost Hall. C) 去弗羅斯特大廳怎么走。
D) Whether he can use a check. D) 他是否能用支票。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)“前二后二必考”原則，本題又為本對話的最后一題，此題必在文章后面出題。由四選項的形式可初步推測，本題考查的是問題的內(nèi)容。
【正確項分析】本題的問題直截了當，在原文中男士給出了明確的提問，Is there anything that I should bring with me? 與選項A同義。
【干擾項分析】許多考生按照常理或主觀臆測選定選項B，此項在原文中恰恰沒有提到。原文中男士也明確表明I know how to get there，選項C是多余的。文中雖提到checkbook，是女士對男士問題的回答，而非男士的發(fā)問，故排除。
【原文及譯文】
W: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?
M: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall semester.
W: Do you want a day or evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?
M: No.
W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.
M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays.
W: Well, there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.
M: Just once a week?
W: Yes. But that’s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.
M: Oh! Well, that’s alright. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?
W: Mm, let me see. 12 weeks. You start the first week in September, and finish, oh, just before Christmas. December 21st.
M: And how much is the course?
W: That’s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.
M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?
W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.
M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?
W: Yes, that’s the one.
M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?
W: No, just your checkbook.
M: Well, thank you very much.
W: You’re very welcome. Bye!
M: Bye!
19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?
22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?
女士：你好。帕克森大學(xué)，有什么事需要幫忙嗎?
男士：是的。我想咨詢有關(guān)計算機程序設(shè)計課程的信息。我想在秋季學(xué)期上課。
女士：白天上課還是晚上上課?
男士：哦，因為我白天工作，我想晚上上課。
女士：嗯。你學(xué)過關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)處理的課程嗎?
男士：沒有。
女士：哦! 好的，在學(xué)習計算機編程之前必須學(xué)習數(shù)據(jù)處理。
男士：哦，我明白了。數(shù)據(jù)處理什么時候上課? 我希望不是星期四。
女士：哦，有一個班在周一晚上7點。
男士：一周僅上一次?
女士：是的。從7點到9點45分，差不多3個小時。
男士：哦! 沒關(guān)系，我可以做到。幾個星期的課程?
女士：嗯，讓我看看。12周。你從九月第一次周末開始，哦，圣誕節(jié)前夕12月21日結(jié)課。
男士：這門課程多少錢?
女士：300美元，包括必要的上機時間。
男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登記?
女士：在9月2號、3號6 點至 9點在弗羅斯特大廳登記。
男士：是停車場后面的圓形大樓嗎?
女士：是的，就是那兒。
男士：哦，我知道怎么到那兒去。我必須要帶什么東西嗎?
女士：不用，只要帶著支票簿即可。
男士：哦，太謝謝了。
女士：不用客氣。再見!
男士：再見!
19：為什么男士選擇晚間上課?
20：在上計算機程序設(shè)計課程之前必須要做什么?
21：我們能從晚間課程了解到什么信息?
22：在談話最后男士想了解什么信息?
【詞匯點撥】course n. 課程;computer programming 計算機編程;data processing 數(shù)據(jù)處理;parking lot 停車場;schedule n. 時間表
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. A) A training coach. A) 教練員。
B) A trading adviser. B) 商業(yè)顧問。
C) A professional manager. C) 職業(yè)經(jīng)理。
D) A financial trader. D) 金融交易商。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題為本長對話的第一題，出題點必在對話開始，由選項可知，本題涉及職業(yè)， 對于職業(yè)的考查也是前幾年四級考試的重點。
【正確項分析】男士在文中明確提及trading in financial markets，根據(jù)同義推斷原理，可推斷該男士的.職業(yè)是financial trader.
24. A) He can save on living expenses. A) 他可以節(jié)省生活費用。
B) He considers cooking creative. B) 他認為烹飪是具有創(chuàng)新性的。
C) He can enjoy healthier food. C) 他喜歡健康食物。
D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. D) 他覺得外帶食品不好吃。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，可知選項A與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。本題與食物或烹飪有關(guān)。所以在聽音過程中，如提及cooking或food，應(yīng)多加注意，適時記錄。
【正確項分析】 聽音過程中聽到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下來的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞creative，選項B與之相符，故選擇B選項。
25. A) It is something inevitable. A) 是某種不可避免的事情。
B) It is frustrating sometimes. B) 有時候令人沮喪。
C) It takes patience to manage. C) 它需要耐心來管理。
D) It can be a good thing. D) 它可能是件好事。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題是細節(jié)加評論題，關(guān)鍵要弄清楚各選項中it所指代的內(nèi)容。本文出現(xiàn)頻率最多的詞是stress，可大膽推測，此題考查的是對stress的評述。本題又是此長對話的最后一題，答案應(yīng)在聽力對話的后兩句。
【正確項分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. 只要抓住此句中的一個關(guān)鍵詞uncertainty，此題便可輕易而解，選項A正確。
【原文及譯文】
W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?
M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.
W: How do you relax in the evening?
M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my brain would regard as creative.
W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?
M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for me.
W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?
M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.
W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?
M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy a mental challenge. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success.
23: What is the man’s job?
24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?
25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?
女士：那么，到底為什么你的工作以緊張出名呢?
男士：當人們束手無策或感覺被控制時，就會有壓力感。金融市場上的交易正是這兩者的結(jié)合。
女士：你晚上如何放松?
男士：我很少做與工作有關(guān)的事情，所以很容易逃脫市場。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感覺某天很糟糕的時候，更是如此。我總是做飯，而不是叫外賣。做點兒有創(chuàng)意的事。
女士：你認為你放松自己的方法對消除壓力有效嗎?
男士：消除壓力沒有特定的法寶�？偟膩碚f，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我所做的一切對我來說都是有效的。
女士：你是否因壓力大而考慮換工作呢?
男士：因為壓力的因素我曾考慮過離開我的工作。但是，我認為壓力是一件好事。如果運用得當，壓力實際上是有益的。
女士：你喜歡工作中的哪些壓力?
男士：說了這么多，我的確喜歡不確定因素。我喜歡挑戰(zhàn)。交易會在瞬間產(chǎn)生一系列大范圍的情緒波動。你如何處理及管理這些情緒支配著中短期及長期交易業(yè)績和成功。
23：男士的工作是什么?
24：為什么男士喜歡做飯，而不是叫外賣?
25：關(guān)于工作中的壓力感，男士說了什么?
【詞匯點撥】reputation n. 名聲，名氣;combine v. 合并;financial a. 金融的;take-away 外帶食品;positive a. 積極的，有益的;uncertainty n. 不確定性
Section B
Passage One
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
本次四級聽力篇章從內(nèi)容難度上來講，比2009年6月的更難。此篇文章屬于天文類，講的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾經(jīng)科學(xué)家們認為其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家在漸漸地定位那些有可能會形成生命的地方。文章對此舉了一個例子，就是木星的一個衛(wèi)星，叫木衛(wèi)二。
詞匯點撥
fascinated a. 著迷的;surface n. 表面;bacteria n 細菌;automatically ad. 自動地;probe n.探頭，探針;evolution n. 進化
話題詞匯
beneath prep. 在……之下
Jupiter n. 木星
moon n. 衛(wèi)星，月球
nitrogen n. 氮
planet n. 行星，星球
volcanic activity 火山活動
難句解析
1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth.
【解析】since early times作時間狀語，主句主語為people，謂語為be fascinated with，即“對……著迷”，著迷的對象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾名詞life。
2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat.
【解析】本句主句部分謂語成分為make sb. do sth.，讓某人做某事，that引出think的從句。從句的主語為Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定語修飾has的賓語a rocky core。
試題詳解
26. A) There were no planets without moons. A) 除了衛(wèi)星外沒有行星。
B) There was no air or water on Jupiter. B) 在木星上沒有空氣或水。
C) Life was not possible in outer space. C) 在外空是沒有生命的。
D)The mystery of life could not be resolved D) 生命的奧秘是不能解決的。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項，可知本題考查細節(jié)事實題。鑒于此題位于本短文的第一題，答案應(yīng)在最初幾句中找到，具體的說，是在開頭30秒。選項D與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。聽音時關(guān)注no planets，no air or water還是no life。
【正確項分析】第一題問的是科學(xué)家曾經(jīng)(once)相信什么事實?那么根據(jù)我們的理解，應(yīng)該是他們認為外太空不可能存在生命。這個答案出現(xiàn)在原文的第二句，原文是Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意為科學(xué)家們認為在其他星球上存在生命只不過是個充滿希望的夢。故選擇C項。
27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. A) 有很多活火山。
B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s. B) 有像地球上的大氣層。
C) It has a large ocean under its surface. C) 在它的表面有一個大海洋。
D) It has deep caves several miles long. D) 有幾英里長的深洞穴。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】通過選項即可確定本題為對于某一事物的細節(jié)描述題，所以首先要解決各選項中it所指的內(nèi)容。由第一題選項可初步推測，本題很可能考查的是對一個星球的描述。
【正確項分析】問題為科學(xué)家在木衛(wèi)二星球上找到什么，那么應(yīng)該是Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意為航空觀測鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)了星球表面下有個大的海洋。C選項與原文一模一樣。
28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. A) 光不是必備因素。
B) Life can form in very hot temperatures. B) 生命在很熱的溫度下能夠形成。
C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. C) 每種生命的形成都需要進化。
D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms. D) 氧在生命形成過程中沒有必要。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)慣例，最后一個問題答案出現(xiàn)在篇章結(jié)束前三十秒左右，選項均涉及生命形成因素，分別為light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根據(jù)這些信息，可輕易在短文結(jié)束前找到答案。
【正確項分析】注意轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but前后，原文為Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意為科學(xué)家一直以為光是很重要的，但是現(xiàn)在他們發(fā)現(xiàn)完全黑暗的地方—比如幾英里深的洞里，也有生命，即細菌�？梢�，光不是必備因素，選項A正確。
原文及譯文
Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life forming.
26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?
從很早以前，人們一直迷戀著地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近來，科學(xué)家們認為在其他星球上存在生命只不過是個充滿希望的夢。但是，現(xiàn)在他們開始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科學(xué)家們在恒星附近，例如太陽，發(fā)現(xiàn)了行星的蹤跡�？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在認為生命可能我們更近，就在太陽系內(nèi)�？茖W(xué)家們正密切關(guān)注的地方是木衛(wèi)二，木星的一個衛(wèi)星。太空探測器提供了證據(jù)表明木衛(wèi)二表層之下有一個海洋。探測器也讓科學(xué)家們認為木衛(wèi)二表層有散發(fā)出火山熱的巖石核心。火山活動的水和熱量是生命形成的兩個基本條件。第三個是一些基本的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如碳、氧和氮�？茖W(xué)家們認為在木衛(wèi)二海洋底部可能存在這樣的化學(xué)成分。他們可能已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造了生命或即將產(chǎn)生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要條件。直到最近，科學(xué)家們?nèi)哉J為光是不可或缺的。但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)，海洋幾英里之下的黑暗的洞穴內(nèi)有細菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木衛(wèi)二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。
26. 根據(jù)短文，科學(xué)家曾相信什么?
27. 科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)關(guān)于木衛(wèi)二的什么信息?
28. 最近，科學(xué)家就生命的形成了解到什么?
Passage Two
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
本篇講述醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)用紙記錄下的東西比口語交流的信息更加準確和穩(wěn)定。問題源自一位醫(yī)生在對一個孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事項之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些親屬們竟然記不清到底醫(yī)生講了些什么，于是醫(yī)生決定在以后交待注意事項的時候要把這些內(nèi)容全印成紙質(zhì)的東西，因為紙質(zhì)的東西比口語更可靠。
詞匯點撥
suffer v. 遭受;confusing a. 令人迷惑的;episode n. 插曲;version n. 版本;challenge v. 挑戰(zhàn)
話題詞匯
context n. 上下文
physician n. 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生
recover v. 恢復(fù)
stability n. 穩(wěn)定性
act out 表演出來
emergency room 急診室
oral communication 口頭交際
tailored to 定制的
難句解析
1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.
【解析】此句為倒裝句，強調(diào)listening to her，主語為a half a dozen other family members。正常語序為：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.
2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions.
【解析】本句兩分句由連詞but連接，had heard為過去完成時，表示在家人問瑪雅醫(yī)生之前就發(fā)生了此動作。I have given just a few hours before做定語修飾the simple instructions，省略連接詞that。
試題詳解
29. A) Whether they should take the child home. A) 他們是否應(yīng)該將孩子帶回家。
B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were. B) 瑪雅醫(yī)生的醫(yī)囑到底是什么。
C) Who should take care of the child at home. C) 誰在家照顧孩子。
D) When the child would completely recover. D) 什么時候這個孩子能完全恢復(fù)。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】瀏覽四個選項，應(yīng)注意到都為wh-開頭的疑問詞，且提到了醫(yī)生和孩子，take care of 以及recover，可初步推測此題涉及的場景為醫(yī)院，病人為孩子。
【正確項分析】問題為孩子的家人因為什么而爭論，原文為the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意為親屬們就醫(yī)生到底講過什么建議爭論不休，問醫(yī)生如何解決。選項B中的instructions與原文的advice同義，選項B正確。
30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt. A) 她鼓勵他們拿不準時就提問題。
B) She makes them write down all her instructions. B) 她讓他們記下她的醫(yī)囑。
C) She has them act out what they are to do at home. C) 她讓他們把將在家里做的事情表演出來。
D) She asks them to repeat what are supposed to do. D) 她讓他們復(fù)述要做的事。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】由第一題的選項可很有把握地推測she指代的是Doctor Myer，而與醫(yī)生相對的多半為病人。注意關(guān)鍵詞ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
【正確項分析】瑪雅醫(yī)生如何確定病人完全明白了自己的建議呢?原文為She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her與選項D中的關(guān)鍵詞repeat一致，選項D為正確答案，
31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. A) 它缺乏印刷體的穩(wěn)定性。
B) It contains many grammatical errors. B) 它包含許多語法錯誤。
C) It is heavily dependent on the context. C) 它十分依賴上下文語境。
D) It facilitates interpersonal communication. D) 它有助于人際交往。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】本題為短文最后一題，應(yīng)在文章最后出現(xiàn)。需要注意關(guān)鍵字stability，errors，context和communication。
【正確項分析】此題是典型的篇章問題考法。答案出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾處，問題是作者對于人類口語交流 (human speech) 總結(jié)了什么。原文為human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word，與選項A一致。
原文及譯文
In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.
Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Mayer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
喬安娜•瑪雅是一名急診室醫(yī)生。早年，她曾醫(yī)治了一名二度燒傷的孩子。這個孩子接受完治療準備出院時，瑪雅醫(yī)生告訴孩子父母在家如何照顧孩子，在場的還有六位家庭其他成員。幾小時后，當她來與孩子再見的時候，孩子一家請她解決爭論，他們一直爭論她的醫(yī)囑到底是什么。“因為我已經(jīng)告訴過他們，所以我很驚訝。”她說，“他們所有的人都在短短幾小時前聽到了我給出的簡單的醫(yī)囑，但是他們有三、四個不同的版本。最基本的細節(jié)都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃驚，因為這些是聰明人。”這一段插曲給了瑪雅醫(yī)生第一個線索，而這遲早每個醫(yī)生都會懂得，即大多數(shù)人聽的不準確。
如今，瑪雅說她反復(fù)重復(fù)醫(yī)囑，甚至對一些病人進行現(xiàn)場核查。她要他們告訴她他們應(yīng)該做的事。她還根據(jù)病人的情況提供可帶回家的打印文本。瑪雅醫(yī)生的聽眾都是正常人。當面對新資料或難度較大的資料時，幾乎所有的聽眾都會面臨挑戰(zhàn)，因為人類口語缺乏書面文字的穩(wěn)定性和永久性�？陬^交流速度快但持續(xù)時間短。
29. 孩子的家庭成員在醫(yī)院里爭論的是什么?
30. 為確保病人明白她的醫(yī)囑，瑪雅醫(yī)生做了什么?
31. 說話者如何評述人類口語?
Passage Three
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
此篇講的是商務(wù)工作中對員工的激勵機制。主要內(nèi)容為公司對員工的激勵機制并非是人們通常以為的工資或者工作環(huán)境，而是工作中的挑戰(zhàn)。
詞匯點撥
challenging a. 挑戰(zhàn)性的;logical a. 合理的;manually ad. 手動地;identify v. 認同;tedious a. 單調(diào)的，沉悶的
話題詞匯
arbitrarily ad. 專橫地
mechanical a. 機械的
robotics n. 機器人學(xué)
by definition 當然
job security 職業(yè)安全感
labor relations 勞資關(guān)系
難句解析
1. It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.
【解析】此句結(jié)構(gòu)是由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but引導(dǎo)的兩個分句。前面一個分句中，it做形式主語，后面的不定式to suppose是真正主語。That引導(dǎo)賓語從句，介詞like以及其引導(dǎo)內(nèi)容做things的后置定語。后面一個分句中，one expert 與Frederick Herzberg為同位語，that后引導(dǎo)賓語從句。
2. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.
【解析】本句主句為there be 句型，常見的短語with the development of作時間狀語，意為“隨著……的發(fā)展”。jobs和people為表語，三個并列形容詞boring， repetitive 和 mechanical一起修飾jobs，who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞unskilled people
試題詳解
32. A) Job security. A) 職業(yè)安全感。
B) Good labor relations. B) 愉快的勞資關(guān)系。
C) Challenging work. C) 挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。
D) Attractive wages and benefits. D) 有吸引力的工資和利益。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】預(yù)覽選項中的關(guān)鍵詞job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可知，此篇短文主旨與工作有關(guān)，可初步推測與人們對工作的滿足感有關(guān)。
【正確項分析】此題問的是主題，到底什么可以真正激勵員工好好工作呢。原文Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility，連接詞in contrast附近出現(xiàn)了答案，意為起到激勵作用的東西包括工作的挑戰(zhàn)性和趣味性，以及工作中需承擔的責任即最終獲得的認可。所以選選項C，即挑戰(zhàn)性的工作。
【干擾項分析】原文首句雖談及選項A、B、D各項內(nèi)容，但是but轉(zhuǎn)折后全盤否定but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。
33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually. A) 許多單調(diào)工作繼續(xù)由手工做。
B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs. B) 越來越多的非技術(shù)工人將失業(yè)。
C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs. C) 電腦將改變很多工作性質(zhì)。
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable. D) 無聊的工作將變得快樂。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】從選項內(nèi)容可知，本題考查的是工作的性質(zhì)，應(yīng)注意關(guān)鍵提示詞—tedious，unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。
【正確項分析】此題問到作者對電腦信息時代總結(jié)了什么。從原文中However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，連接詞however后出現(xiàn)了答案。意為，盡管電腦和機器人技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展，還是存在無聊的、重復(fù)的、機械性的工作，需要人力完成，對應(yīng)到正確答案A選項中的tedious以及manually。
34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. A) 提供給他們晉升機會。
B) Improve their working conditions. B) 改善他們的工作條件。
C) Encourage them to compete with each other. C) 鼓勵他們相互競爭。
D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team. D) 給他們責任，讓他們成為團隊一部分。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】此題為一細節(jié)題。選項B與其他三項明顯不同，可初步排除。聽音時，注意選項中的promotion，compete和team。
【正確項分析】原文中激勵超市員工工作是個案，但是問題本身針對的是總結(jié)性的答案。即出現(xiàn)在for example前的總結(jié)句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team。but后強調(diào)的'是team，正確答案為選項D。
35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff. A) 他們將不能給員工帶來真正利益。
B) They concern a small number of people only. B) 他們與少數(shù)人相關(guān)。
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators. C) 是管理人員隨意制定的。
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers. D) 他們超出了普通工人的控制。
【聽音指導(dǎo)】首先意識到最后一題的答案應(yīng)在文章結(jié)束前幾句找，由各選項可知，所描述的對象并不是積極的，而是有負面影響的。
【正確項分析】為什么金錢誘惑刺激不了工作熱情，答案出現(xiàn)在結(jié)尾前30秒處，即Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people，意為團隊精神更能激起工作熱情，因為金錢利益最終只會與團隊中的個別人相關(guān)。答案為選項B。
原文及譯文
It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.
32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?
35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
認為良好的勞資關(guān)系、愉悅的工作環(huán)境、較高的工資和福利待遇、工作安全性好能夠激勵員工，這是完全符合邏輯的。然而，專家弗洛迪克•赫茲伯格認為這些條件并不能激勵員工，只是讓員工得到滿足的物質(zhì)條件而已。相反，激勵因素包括挑戰(zhàn)性和趣味性的工作、認可和責任等。然而，即使隨著計算機技術(shù)和機器人技術(shù)的發(fā)展，仍有大量無聊的、重復(fù)的和機械的工作，并且還必須有大量做這些工作的非技術(shù)人員。所以管理人員如何激勵從事這種工作的人呢? 一種解決辦法就是讓他們承擔責任，不是作為個人，而是作為團隊。例如，有些超市把辦公室人員、填貨人和收銀員編成一組，讓他們決定進什么貨、產(chǎn)品如何陳列等�，F(xiàn)在很多人在談?wù)搯T工認同的公司的價值觀和公司文化的重要性，如怎樣成為最好的旅館連鎖，或在某一特定領(lǐng)域做最好的，用戶最親善的或者最可靠的產(chǎn)品。這樣的價值觀比那些只與少數(shù)人有關(guān)的財務(wù)目標更有可能激勵員工。不幸的是，只有個別公司才會有這樣的目標，當然，并不是所有的競爭公司在業(yè)界都能做成最好的。
32：根據(jù)弗洛迪克•赫茲伯格的觀點，什么可以激勵員工?
33：說話者就計算機時代的工作發(fā)表了什么觀點?
34：一些超市為激勵員工采取了什么措施?
35：為什么說財務(wù)目標不太可能激發(fā)員工?
Section C
原文重現(xiàn)
In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36) classified into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual writing provides (37) background information on an author, composer or artist or on a type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) album cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a music (39) appreciation course. This kind of writing provides a (40) context for your study of the humanities.
As its name (41) implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an (42) image of, a piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the (43) instruments a composer included in a musical composition, so as to make pictures of sounds in the readers’ mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44) Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing.
Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to show a film. This kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is important. (46)Authors may actually use more than one type of techniques in the given piece of informational writing.
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
此次復(fù)合式聽寫的話題比較專業(yè)，介紹了三類寫作題材，即事實性的，描述性的和解說性的。短文結(jié)構(gòu)，先總后分。原文中充斥了許多長難詞，致使考生預(yù)讀時就一頭霧水。尤其是全文的首句：In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. 關(guān)鍵是要正確理解humanities(人文學(xué)科)一詞。
詞匯點撥
humanities n. 人文學(xué)科;context n. 環(huán)境，語境，上下文;technique n. 技巧
話題詞匯
composer n. 作曲家
book jacket 護封
instrument n. 樂器
background information 背景知識
music appreciation 音樂鑒賞
musical composition 樂曲
試題詳解
36.【聽音指導(dǎo)】根據(jù)空前后內(nèi)容，可推測此空意為“歸類成……”，輕易可以聯(lián)想到�？荚~classified，構(gòu)成be classified into結(jié)構(gòu)。
37.【聽音指導(dǎo)】事實性寫作方式會提供什么樣的信息，在預(yù)讀時，很容易將其推測為形容詞，但background是常見詞，而background information作為背景知識，在日常生活中常常用到。
38.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此空中的內(nèi)容與book，long piece并列，可知此空填寫的詞為名詞，且與book等為一類。album發(fā)音特殊，一般不會與其他詞相混，應(yīng)注意拼寫。
39.【聽音指導(dǎo)】由題意很容易判斷此部分應(yīng)為音樂鑒賞課，此空的難點在于appreciation (“鑒賞”)這個詞的拼寫。appreciate作動詞，意為鑒賞，此空需要其名詞形式。
40.【聽音指導(dǎo)】為研究人文學(xué)科提供環(huán)境，其中context是高頻詞，幾乎在每次考試中都能考到，此題不易失分。
41.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此句話應(yīng)理解為“正如名字所顯示的那樣”，立刻可以聯(lián)系到show等詞，而原文中的imply在以往四級考試中也反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。
42.【聽音指導(dǎo)】描述性的寫作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image這個詞很容易填出。
43.【聽音指導(dǎo)】作曲家所用的音樂器具，自然為musical instrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
44.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此段講述的是descriptive writing，此句位于本段的最后一句，應(yīng)為總結(jié)性話語。答案為Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing。particularly可替換為especially，be mixed with意為“與……混合”。也可寫為Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能規(guī)避如particularly這樣的長難詞。采分點為descriptive writing和critical writing。
45.【聽音指導(dǎo)】此段講述的是processing writing，按照慣例此句為對其的總結(jié)性解釋。shoot a film，意為拍電影。采分點為how to do something和 technique。
46.【聽音指導(dǎo)】整篇文章為總分式，先總述了三種寫作題材，然后分別講述每種寫作題材的適用范圍。此空獨立成句，很可能論述三部分適用范圍的交集。采分點為more than one type of technique is used in writing。
全文精譯
在人文學(xué)科中，作者可以通過多種寫作方式告知讀者信息。這些方法可分為三類信息寫作題材：事實性的，描述性的和解說性的。事實性寫作提供了一位作家、作曲家或藝術(shù)家或者是一種音樂、文學(xué)或藝術(shù)的背景信息。事實性寫作包括封面上的說明和專輯封面，較長的作品如音樂鑒賞課中可能讀到的描述一種音樂風格的文章。這種寫作題材為人文學(xué)科研究提供了依據(jù)。
正如它的名字所暗示的，描寫性寫作指簡單的描述或為一段音樂、一種藝術(shù)和文學(xué)樹立一種形象。例如，描寫性寫作可能介紹一位藝術(shù)家在畫中用過的色彩，或一位樂器作曲家在音樂作品中所用的樂器。通過具體描述，在讀者的腦海里留下聲音的圖畫。人文學(xué)科中的描寫性寫作，特別在文學(xué)中，經(jīng)常與評論式寫作共同使用。
解說性寫作是解釋會帶來某種結(jié)果的一系列的行動。它告訴讀者如何做某事，例如，拍電影的技術(shù)。這種寫作往往用于藝術(shù)中，因為理解藝術(shù)家如何創(chuàng)造了一種特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息寫作中，作者可以運用多種寫作技巧。
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